1 Kings16
English Standard Version
Tap any underlined word for the original Hebrew or Greek.
1 And the of the Lord came to the of , ,
2 I you of the and you my , and you have in the of and have my to , provoking me to with their ,
3 , I will utterly and his , and I will your like the of the of .
4 Anyone belonging to who in the the shall , and anyone of his who in the the of the shall .
5 of the of and he , and his , are they the of the of the of ?
6 And his and was at , and his in his .
7 , the of the Lord came the the of against and his , both of the he in the of the Lord, provoking him to with the of his , in being like the of , and also he it.
8 In the of of , the of began to in , and he reigned two .
9 But his , of his , him. When he was at , himself in the of , who was the in ,
10 and and him, in the of of , and in his .
11 When he began to , as soon as he had himself his , he the of . He did him a of his or his .
12 Thus the of , according to the of the Lord, he against the ,
13 for the of and the of his , they and they to , the Lord of to with their .
14 of the of and that he , are they the of the of the of ?
15 In the of of , in . Now the were , belonged to the ,
16 and the who were it , has , he has the . Therefore made , the of the , that in the .
17 So , and him, and they .
18 And when the was , he the of the and the him with and ,
19 of his he , in the of the Lord, in the of , and for his he , to .
20 of the of , and the he , are they the of the of the of ?
21 Then the of were into . of the the of , to , and .
22 But the the the of . So , and .
23 In the of of , began to , and he reigned for ; he in .
24 He the of for two of , and he the and the of the he , the of , the of the .
25 what was in the of the Lord, and did than were him.
26 For he in all the of the of , and in the he to , the Lord, the of , to by their .
27 of the of he , and the he , are they the of the of the of ?
28 And with his and was in , and his in his .
29 In the of of , the of began to , and the of in .
30 And the of in the of the Lord, than were him.
31 And as if it had been a for him to in the of the of , he for his the of of the , and and and him.
32 He an for in the of , he in .
33 And an . to the Lord, the of , to the of were him.
34 In his of . He at the cost of his , and its at the cost of his son , according to the of the Lord, he the of .
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1 Kings 16Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 16. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The reigns of Baasha and Elah in Israel. (1–14). Reigns of Zimri and Omri in Israel. (15–28). Ahab's wickedness, Hiel rebuilds Jericho. (29–34).
vv1-14
This chapter relates wholly to the kingdom of Israel, and the revolutions of that kingdom. God calls Israel his people still, though wretchedly corrupted. Jehu foretells the same destruction to come upon Baasha's family, which that king had been employed to bring upon the family of Jeroboam. Those who resemble others in their sins, may expect to resemble them in the plagues they suffer, especially those who seem zealous against such sins in others as they allow in themselves. Baasha himself dies in peace, and is buried with honour. Herein plainly appears that there are punishments after death, which are most to be dreaded. Let Elah be a warning to drunkards, who know not but death may surprise them. Death easily comes upon men when they are drunk. Besides the diseases which men bring themselves into by drinking, when in that state, men are easily overcome by an enemy, and liable to bad accidents. Death comes terribly upon men in such a state, finding them in the act of sin, and unfitted for any act of devotion; that day comes upon them unawares. The word of God was fulfilled, and the sins of Baasha and Elah were reckoned for, with which they provoked God. Their idols are called their vanities, for idols cannot profit nor help; miserable are those whose gods are vanities.
vv15-28
When men forsake God, they will be left to plague one another. Proud aspiring men ruin one another. Omri struggled with Tibni some years. Though we do not always understand the rules by which God governs nations and individuals in his providence, we may learn useful lessons from the history before us. When tyrants succeed each other, and massacres, conspiracies, and civil wars, we may be sure the Lord has a controversy with the people for their sins; they are loudly called to repent and reform. Omri made himself infamous by his wickedness. Many wicked men have been men of might and renown; have built cities, and their names are found in history; but they have no name in the book of life.
vv29-34
Ahab did evil above all that reigned before him, and did it with a particular enmity both against Jehovah and Israel. He was not satisfied with breaking the second commandment by image-worship, he broke the first by worshipping other gods: making light of lesser sins makes way for greater. Marriages with daring offenders also imbolden in wickedness, and hurry men on to the greatest excesses. One of Ahab's subjects, following the example of his presumption, ventured to build Jericho. Like Achan, he meddled with the accursed thing; turned that to his own use, which was devoted to God's honour: he began to build, in defiance of the curse well devoted to God's honour: he began to build, in defiance of the curse well known in Israel; but none ever hardened his heart against God, and prospered. Let the reading of this chapter cause us to mark the dreadful end of all the workers of iniquity. And what does the history of all ungodly men furnish, what ever rank or situation they move in, but sad examples of the same?
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
יֵהוּא: Jehu, the name of five Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
חֲנָנִי: Chanani, the name of six Israelites
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בַּעְשָׁא: Basha, a king of Israel
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
יַעַן: properly, heed; by implication, purpose (sake or account); used adverbially to indicate the reason or cause
רוּם: to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
Cross References
1 Kings 16Explicit fulfillment of Joshua's prophetic curse concerning the rebuilding of Jericho.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel to the doom of Jeroboam's family, repeated verbatim against Baasha's house.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identical judgment of being eaten by dogs and fowls pronounced on Jeroboam's house.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbally echoes Hannah's song of God exalting the poor and lowly out of the dust.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Records Baasha's slaughter of Nadab (Jeroboam's son), for which he is here condemned.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Jehu the son of Hanani as a prominent prophet in Judah and Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Condemns Judah for keeping the wicked 'statutes of Omri' and works of Ahab.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms Ahab as unparalleled in evil, incited by his wife Jezebel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
A warning parallel of a wicked man (Nabal) struck down by God while drinking.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jezebel invokes Zimri's treason as a proverb for those who murder their masters.
Supported by JFB
Parallel execution of a royal dynasty without leaving any survivors.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel language where God exalts a commoner to be prince over Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Hosea's critique of northern kings devouring their rulers through persistent conspiracies.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Defines idols as 'vanities' that provoke the Lord to anger, fulfilling Deuteronomy.
Supported by Matthew Henry