1 Samuel25
English Standard Version
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1 Now . And and for him, and they him in his at . Then and to the of .
2 And there was a in whose was in . The was ; he had and a . He was his in .
3 Now the of the was , and the of his . The was and , but the was and ; he was a .
4 in the that was his .
5 So . And to the , Go to , and to and him in my .
6 And thus you shall him: be to you, and be to your , and be to that you have.
7 I that you have . Now your have been with us, and we did them no , and they the they were in .
8 your , and they will you. Therefore let my in your , for we on a . Please you at to your and to your .
9 When , they to in the of , and then they .
10 And , is ? is the of ? There many these are their .
11 Shall I my and my and my that I have for my and it to come I do not ?
12 So and him .
13 And to his , Every his ! And every of them his . also his . And about up , while with the .
14 But of the , , , out of the to our , and he at them.
15 Yet the were to us, and we no harm, we did not we were in the , as long as we with them.
16 They were a to us both by and by , we were with them the .
17 therefore this and you should , for is against our and against his , and he is such a that one cannot to him.
18 Then made and and of and already and of and a and cakes of , and them on .
19 And she to her , on me; , I you. But she did not her .
20 And as she on the and of the , , and his her, and she them.
21 Now had , Surely in have I that fellow has in the , so that was of that belonged to him, and he has me for .
22 to the of and also, if I so much as one of belong to him.
23 When , she and got from the and on her and to the .
24 She at his and , On me , my , be the . let your in your , and the of your .
25 not my this , , for as his is, so is he. is his , and is with him. But I your did not the of my , whom you .
26 then, my , as the Lord , and as your , the Lord has you and from with your own , then let your and those who to do to my be as .
27 And let this that your has to my be to the who my .
28 the of your . For the Lord will my a , my is the of the Lord, and shall not be in you so as you .
29 If up to you and to your , the of my shall be in the of the in the care of the Lord your . And the of your he shall as from the of a .
30 And the Lord has to my according to the that he has concerning you and has you over ,
31 my shall have no cause of or of for having or for my himself. And when the Lord has dealt with my , then your .
32 And to , be the Lord, the of , who you this to me!
33 be your , and be you, who have me this and from with my own !
34 as the Lord, the of , , who has me from you, you had and to me, by there had not been to so much as one .
35 Then from her what she had him. And he to her, Go in to your . , I have your , and I have your .
36 And to , and , he was holding a in his , like the of a . And was within him, for he was . So she him until the .
37 In the , when the had gone of , his him these , and his him, and he became as a .
38 And about later the Lord , and he .
39 When that was , he , be the Lord who has the I at the of , and has his from . The Lord has the of on his own . Then and to , to her as his .
40 When the of to at , they to her, has us to you to you to him as his .
41 And she and with her to the and , Behold, your is a to the of the of my .
42 And and and a , and her her. She the of and became his .
43 also of , and of them became his .
44 had his , , to the of , who was of .
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1 Samuel 25Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 25. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Death of Samuel. (1). David's request; Nabal's churlish refusal. (2–11). David's intention to destroy Nabal. (12–17). Abigail takes a present to David. (18–31). He is pacified, Nabal dies. (32–39). David takes Abigail to wife. (39–44).
v1
All Israel lamented Samuel, and they had reason. He prayed daily for them. Those have hard hearts, who can bury faithful ministers without grief; who do not feel their loss of those who have prayed for them, and taught them the way of the Lord.
vv2-11
We should not have heard of Nabal, if nothing had passed between him and David. Observe his name, Nabal, “A fool;” so it signifies. Riches make men look great in the eye of the world; but to one that takes right views, Nabal looked very mean. He had no honour or honesty; he was churlish, cross, and ill-humoured; evil in his doings, hard and oppressive; a man that cared not what fraud and violence he used in getting and saving. What little reason have we to value the wealth of this world, when so great a churl as Nabal abounds, and so good a man as David suffers want!, David pleaded the kindness Nabal's shepherds had received. Considering that David's men were in distress and debt, and discontented, and the scarcity of provisions, it was by good management that they were kept from plundering. Nabal went into a passion, as covetous men are apt to do, when asked for any thing, thinking thus to cover one sin with another; and, by abusing the poor, to excuse themselves from relieving them. But God will not thus be mocked. Let this help us to bear reproaches and misrepresentations with patience and cheerfulness, and make us easy under them; it has often been the lot of the excellent ones of the earth. Nabal insists much on the property he had in the provisions of his table. May he not do what he will with his own? We mistake, if we think we are absolute lords of what we have, and may do what we please with it. No; we are but stewards, and must use it as we are directed, remembering it is not our own, but His who intrusted us with it.
vv12-17
God is kind to the evil and unthankful, and why may not we be so? David determined to destroy Nabal, and all that belonged to him. Is this thy voice, O David? Has he been so long in the school of affliction, where he should have learned patience, and yet is so passionate? He at other times was calm and considerate, but is put into such a heat by a few hard words, that he seeks to destroy a whole family. What are the best of men, when God leaves them to themselves, that they may know what is in their hearts? What need to pray, Lord, lead us not into temptation!
Key Words
שְׁמוּאֵל: Shemuel, the name of three Israelites
מוּת: to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
קָבַץ: to grasp, i.e. collect
סָפַד: properly, to tear the hair and beat the breasts (as Orientals do in grief); generally to lament; by implication, to wail
קָבַר: to inter
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
רָמָה: Ramah, the name of four places in Palestine
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
Cross References
1 Samuel 25Explicitly connects Nabal's character to a 'son of Belial' whom a man cannot speak to.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Sheep-shearing in Carmel as a traditional season of great feasting, celebration, and hospitality.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Idiomatic Hebrew expression used to describe the absolute destruction of every male of a household.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates David blessing Abigail's advice as a righteous reproof and a keeping from sin.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel in eastern diplomacy where a generous present is sent ahead to appease anger.
Supported by JFB
The Hebrew name 'Nabal' literally means 'fool', epitomizing the spiritual and moral folly described here.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Abigail's prophetic insight that the Lord will make David a 'sure house' (dynasty).
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reiterates the death and mourning of Samuel at Ramah as a major national turning point.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Geographical identification of Maon and Carmel in the inheritance of Judah.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains the term 'son of Belial' as a lawless, worthless person beyond reason.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrasts Nabal's churlishness with Abigail's virtue and understanding, fitting the virtuous wife archetype.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels Nabal's drunken feasting and subsequent vulnerability to sudden judgment.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Abigail's humble request to wash feet is the ultimate expression of hospitality and service.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Verbal link to the proverb of the ancients: 'Wickedness proceedeth from the wicked.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Details David subsequently reclaiming Michal, whom Saul had given to Phalti (Phaltiel).
Supported by Matthew Poole