1 Samuel 25NLT
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1 Samuel25

New Living Translation

1Now Samuel died, and all Israel gathered for his funeral. They buried him at his house in Ramah. Then David moved down to the wilderness of Maon.

2There was a wealthy man from Maon who owned property near the town of Carmel. He had 3,000 sheep and 1,000 goats, and it was sheep-shearing time.

3This man’s name was Nabal, and his wife, Abigail, was a sensible and beautiful woman. But Nabal, a descendant of Caleb, was crude and mean in all his dealings.

4When David heard that Nabal was shearing his sheep,

5he sent ten of his young men to Carmel with this message for Nabal:

6“Peace and prosperity to you, your family, and everything you own!

7I am told that it is sheep-shearing time. While your shepherds stayed among us near Carmel, we never harmed them, and nothing was ever stolen from them.

8Ask your own men, and they will tell you this is true. So would you be kind to us, since we have come at a time of celebration? Please share any provisions you might have on hand with us and with your friend David.”

9David’s young men gave this message to Nabal in David’s name, and they waited for a reply.

10“Who is this fellow David?” Nabal sneered to the young men. “Who does this son of Jesse think he is? There are lots of servants these days who run away from their masters.

11Should I take my bread and my water and my meat that I’ve slaughtered for my shearers and give it to a band of outlaws who come from who knows where?”

12So David’s young men returned and told him what Nabal had said.

13“Get your swords!” was David’s reply as he strapped on his own. Then 400 men started off with David, and 200 remained behind to guard their equipment.

14Meanwhile, one of Nabal’s servants went to Abigail and told her, “David sent messengers from the wilderness to greet our master, but he screamed insults at them.

15These men have been very good to us, and we never suffered any harm from them. Nothing was stolen from us the whole time they were with us.

16In fact, day and night they were like a wall of protection to us and the sheep.

17You need to know this and figure out what to do, for there is going to be trouble for our master and his whole family. He’s so ill-tempered that no one can even talk to him!”

18Abigail wasted no time. She quickly gathered 200 loaves of bread, two wineskins full of wine, five sheep that had been slaughtered, nearly a bushel of roasted grain, 100 clusters of raisins, and 200 fig cakes. She packed them on donkeys

19and said to her servants, “Go on ahead. I will follow you shortly.” But she didn’t tell her husband Nabal what she was doing.

20As she was riding her donkey into a mountain ravine, she saw David and his men coming toward her.

21David had just been saying, “A lot of good it did to help this fellow. We protected his flocks in the wilderness, and nothing he owned was lost or stolen. But he has repaid me evil for good.

22May God strike me and kill me if even one man of his household is still alive tomorrow morning!”

23When Abigail saw David, she quickly got off her donkey and bowed low before him.

24She fell at his feet and said, “I accept all blame in this matter, my lord. Please listen to what I have to say.

25I know Nabal is a wicked and ill-tempered man; please don’t pay any attention to him. He is a fool, just as his name suggests. But I never even saw the young men you sent.

26“Now, my lord, as surely as the Lord lives and you yourself live, since the Lord has kept you from murdering and taking vengeance into your own hands, let all your enemies and those who try to harm you be as cursed as Nabal is.

27And here is a present that I, your servant, have brought to you and your young men.

28Please forgive me if I have offended you in any way. The Lord will surely reward you with a lasting dynasty, for you are fighting the Lord’s battles. And you have not done wrong throughout your entire life.

29“Even when you are chased by those who seek to kill you, your life is safe in the care of the Lord your God, secure in his treasure pouch! But the lives of your enemies will disappear like stones shot from a sling!

30When the Lord has done all he promised and has made you leader of Israel,

31don’t let this be a blemish on your record. Then your conscience won’t have to bear the staggering burden of needless bloodshed and vengeance. And when the Lord has done these great things for you, please remember me, your servant!”

32David replied to Abigail, “Praise the Lord, the God of Israel, who has sent you to meet me today!

33Thank God for your good sense! Bless you for keeping me from murder and from carrying out vengeance with my own hands.

34For I swear by the Lord, the God of Israel, who has kept me from hurting you, that if you had not hurried out to meet me, not one of Nabal’s men would still be alive tomorrow morning.”

35Then David accepted her present and told her, “Return home in peace. I have heard what you said. We will not kill your husband.”

36When Abigail arrived home, she found that Nabal was throwing a big party and was celebrating like a king. He was very drunk, so she didn’t tell him anything about her meeting with David until dawn the next day.

37In the morning when Nabal was sober, his wife told him what had happened. As a result he had a stroke, and he lay paralyzed on his bed like a stone.

38About ten days later, the Lord struck him, and he died.

39When David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, “Praise the Lord, who has avenged the insult I received from Nabal and has kept me from doing it myself. Nabal has received the punishment for his sin.” Then David sent messengers to Abigail to ask her to become his wife.

40When the messengers arrived at Carmel, they told Abigail, “David has sent us to take you back to marry him.”

41She bowed low to the ground and responded, “I, your servant, would be happy to marry David. I would even be willing to become a slave, washing the feet of his servants!”

42Quickly getting ready, she took along five of her servant girls as attendants, mounted her donkey, and went with David’s messengers. And so she became his wife.

43David also married Ahinoam from Jezreel, making both of them his wives.

44Saul, meanwhile, had given his daughter Michal, David’s wife, to a man from Gallim named Palti son of Laish.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 25.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Death of Samuel. (1). David's request; Nabal's churlish refusal. (2–11). David's intention to destroy Nabal. (12–17). Abigail takes a present to David. (18–31). He is pacified, Nabal dies. (32–39). David takes Abigail to wife. (39–44).

v1

All Israel lamented Samuel, and they had reason. He prayed daily for them. Those have hard hearts, who can bury faithful ministers without grief; who do not feel their loss of those who have prayed for them, and taught them the way of the Lord.

vv2-11

We should not have heard of Nabal, if nothing had passed between him and David. Observe his name, Nabal, “A fool;” so it signifies. Riches make men look great in the eye of the world; but to one that takes right views, Nabal looked very mean. He had no honour or honesty; he was churlish, cross, and ill-humoured; evil in his doings, hard and oppressive; a man that cared not what fraud and violence he used in getting and saving. What little reason have we to value the wealth of this world, when so great a churl as Nabal abounds, and so good a man as David suffers want!, David pleaded the kindness Nabal's shepherds had received. Considering that David's men were in distress and debt, and discontented, and the scarcity of provisions, it was by good management that they were kept from plundering. Nabal went into a passion, as covetous men are apt to do, when asked for any thing, thinking thus to cover one sin with another; and, by abusing the poor, to excuse themselves from relieving them. But God will not thus be mocked. Let this help us to bear reproaches and misrepresentations with patience and cheerfulness, and make us easy under them; it has often been the lot of the excellent ones of the earth. Nabal insists much on the property he had in the provisions of his table. May he not do what he will with his own? We mistake, if we think we are absolute lords of what we have, and may do what we please with it. No; we are but stewards, and must use it as we are directed, remembering it is not our own, but His who intrusted us with it.

vv12-17

God is kind to the evil and unthankful, and why may not we be so? David determined to destroy Nabal, and all that belonged to him. Is this thy voice, O David? Has he been so long in the school of affliction, where he should have learned patience, and yet is so passionate? He at other times was calm and considerate, but is put into such a heat by a few hard words, that he seeks to destroy a whole family. What are the best of men, when God leaves them to themselves, that they may know what is in their hearts? What need to pray, Lord, lead us not into temptation!

Cross References

1 Samuel 25
v31 Samuel 25:17thematic

Explicitly connects Nabal's character to a 'son of Belial' whom a man cannot speak to.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v22 Samuel 13:23thematic

Sheep-shearing in Carmel as a traditional season of great feasting, celebration, and hospitality.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v221 Kings 14:10thematic

Idiomatic Hebrew expression used to describe the absolute destruction of every male of a household.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v33Psalms 141:5thematic

Illustrates David blessing Abigail's advice as a righteous reproof and a keeping from sin.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v19Genesis 32:20thematic

Parallel in eastern diplomacy where a generous present is sent ahead to appease anger.

Supported by JFB

v25Psalms 14:1thematic

The Hebrew name 'Nabal' literally means 'fool', epitomizing the spiritual and moral folly described here.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v282 Samuel 7:11thematic

Abigail's prophetic insight that the Lord will make David a 'sure house' (dynasty).

Supported by Matthew Henry

v11 Samuel 28:3thematic

Reiterates the death and mourning of Samuel at Ramah as a major national turning point.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Joshua 15:55thematic

Geographical identification of Maon and Carmel in the inheritance of Judah.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Explains the term 'son of Belial' as a lawless, worthless person beyond reason.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3Proverbs 31:10thematic

Contrasts Nabal's churlishness with Abigail's virtue and understanding, fitting the virtuous wife archetype.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v36Esther 1:10thematic

Parallels Nabal's drunken feasting and subsequent vulnerability to sudden judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v411 Timothy 5:10thematic

Abigail's humble request to wash feet is the ultimate expression of hospitality and service.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v111 Samuel 24:13thematic

Verbal link to the proverb of the ancients: 'Wickedness proceedeth from the wicked.'

Supported by Matthew Poole

v442 Samuel 3:14thematic

Details David subsequently reclaiming Michal, whom Saul had given to Phalti (Phaltiel).

Supported by Matthew Poole