1 Kings16
New Living Translation
1This message from the Lord was delivered to King Baasha by the prophet Jehu son of Hanani:
2“I lifted you out of the dust to make you ruler of my people Israel, but you have followed the evil example of Jeroboam. You have provoked my anger by causing my people Israel to sin.
3So now I will destroy you and your family, just as I destroyed the descendants of Jeroboam son of Nebat.
4The members of Baasha’s family who die in the city will be eaten by dogs, and those who die in the field will be eaten by vultures.”
5The rest of the events in Baasha’s reign and the extent of his power are recorded in The Book of the History of the Kings of Israel.
6When Baasha died, he was buried in Tirzah. Then his son Elah became the next king.
7The message from the Lord against Baasha and his family came through the prophet Jehu son of Hanani. It was delivered because Baasha had done what was evil in the Lord’s sight (just as the family of Jeroboam had done), and also because Baasha had destroyed the family of Jeroboam. The Lord’s anger was provoked by Baasha’s sins.
8Elah son of Baasha began to rule over Israel in the twenty-sixth year of King Asa’s reign in Judah. He reigned in the city of Tirzah for two years.
9Then Zimri, who commanded half of the royal chariots, made plans to kill him. One day in Tirzah, Elah was getting drunk at the home of Arza, the supervisor of the palace.
10Zimri walked in and struck him down and killed him. This happened in the twenty-seventh year of King Asa’s reign in Judah. Then Zimri became the next king.
11Zimri immediately killed the entire royal family of Baasha, leaving him not even a single male child. He even destroyed distant relatives and friends.
12So Zimri destroyed the dynasty of Baasha as the Lord had promised through the prophet Jehu.
13This happened because of all the sins Baasha and his son Elah had committed, and because of the sins they led Israel to commit. They provoked the anger of the Lord, the God of Israel, with their worthless idols.
14The rest of the events in Elah’s reign and everything he did are recorded in The Book of the History of the Kings of Israel.
15Zimri began to rule over Israel in the twenty-seventh year of King Asa’s reign in Judah, but his reign in Tirzah lasted only seven days. The army of Israel was then attacking the Philistine town of Gibbethon.
16When they heard that Zimri had committed treason and had assassinated the king, that very day they chose Omri, commander of the army, as the new king of Israel.
17So Omri led the entire army of Israel up from Gibbethon to attack Tirzah, Israel’s capital.
18When Zimri saw that the city had been taken, he went into the citadel of the palace and burned it down over himself and died in the flames.
19For he, too, had done what was evil in the Lord’s sight. He followed the example of Jeroboam in all the sins he had committed and led Israel to commit.
20The rest of the events in Zimri’s reign and his conspiracy are recorded in The Book of the History of the Kings of Israel.
21But now the people of Israel were split into two factions. Half the people tried to make Tibni son of Ginath their king, while the other half supported Omri.
22But Omri’s supporters defeated the supporters of Tibni. So Tibni was killed, and Omri became the next king.
23Omri began to rule over Israel in the thirty-first year of King Asa’s reign in Judah. He reigned twelve years in all, six of them in Tirzah.
24Then Omri bought the hill now known as Samaria from its owner, Shemer, for 150 pounds of silver. He built a city on it and called the city Samaria in honor of Shemer.
25But Omri did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, even more than any of the kings before him.
26He followed the example of Jeroboam son of Nebat in all the sins he had committed and led Israel to commit. The people provoked the anger of the Lord, the God of Israel, with their worthless idols.
27The rest of the events in Omri’s reign, the extent of his power, and everything he did are recorded in The Book of the History of the Kings of Israel.
28When Omri died, he was buried in Samaria. Then his son Ahab became the next king.
29Ahab son of Omri began to rule over Israel in the thirty-eighth year of King Asa’s reign in Judah. He reigned in Samaria twenty-two years.
30But Ahab son of Omri did what was evil in the Lord’s sight, even more than any of the kings before him.
31And as though it were not enough to follow the sinful example of Jeroboam, he married Jezebel, the daughter of King Ethbaal of the Sidonians, and he began to bow down in worship of Baal.
32First Ahab built a temple and an altar for Baal in Samaria.
33Then he set up an Asherah pole. He did more to provoke the anger of the Lord, the God of Israel, than any of the other kings of Israel before him.
34It was during his reign that Hiel, a man from Bethel, rebuilt Jericho. When he laid its foundations, it cost him the life of his oldest son, Abiram. And when he completed it and set up its gates, it cost him the life of his youngest son, Segub. This all happened according to the message from the Lord concerning Jericho spoken by Joshua son of Nun.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 16.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The reigns of Baasha and Elah in Israel. (1–14). Reigns of Zimri and Omri in Israel. (15–28). Ahab's wickedness, Hiel rebuilds Jericho. (29–34).
vv1-14
This chapter relates wholly to the kingdom of Israel, and the revolutions of that kingdom. God calls Israel his people still, though wretchedly corrupted. Jehu foretells the same destruction to come upon Baasha's family, which that king had been employed to bring upon the family of Jeroboam. Those who resemble others in their sins, may expect to resemble them in the plagues they suffer, especially those who seem zealous against such sins in others as they allow in themselves. Baasha himself dies in peace, and is buried with honour. Herein plainly appears that there are punishments after death, which are most to be dreaded. Let Elah be a warning to drunkards, who know not but death may surprise them. Death easily comes upon men when they are drunk. Besides the diseases which men bring themselves into by drinking, when in that state, men are easily overcome by an enemy, and liable to bad accidents. Death comes terribly upon men in such a state, finding them in the act of sin, and unfitted for any act of devotion; that day comes upon them unawares. The word of God was fulfilled, and the sins of Baasha and Elah were reckoned for, with which they provoked God. Their idols are called their vanities, for idols cannot profit nor help; miserable are those whose gods are vanities.
vv15-28
When men forsake God, they will be left to plague one another. Proud aspiring men ruin one another. Omri struggled with Tibni some years. Though we do not always understand the rules by which God governs nations and individuals in his providence, we may learn useful lessons from the history before us. When tyrants succeed each other, and massacres, conspiracies, and civil wars, we may be sure the Lord has a controversy with the people for their sins; they are loudly called to repent and reform. Omri made himself infamous by his wickedness. Many wicked men have been men of might and renown; have built cities, and their names are found in history; but they have no name in the book of life.
vv29-34
Ahab did evil above all that reigned before him, and did it with a particular enmity both against Jehovah and Israel. He was not satisfied with breaking the second commandment by image-worship, he broke the first by worshipping other gods: making light of lesser sins makes way for greater. Marriages with daring offenders also imbolden in wickedness, and hurry men on to the greatest excesses. One of Ahab's subjects, following the example of his presumption, ventured to build Jericho. Like Achan, he meddled with the accursed thing; turned that to his own use, which was devoted to God's honour: he began to build, in defiance of the curse well devoted to God's honour: he began to build, in defiance of the curse well known in Israel; but none ever hardened his heart against God, and prospered. Let the reading of this chapter cause us to mark the dreadful end of all the workers of iniquity. And what does the history of all ungodly men furnish, what ever rank or situation they move in, but sad examples of the same?
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
יֵהוּא: Jehu, the name of five Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
חֲנָנִי: Chanani, the name of six Israelites
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בַּעְשָׁא: Basha, a king of Israel
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
יַעַן: properly, heed; by implication, purpose (sake or account); used adverbially to indicate the reason or cause
רוּם: to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
Cross References
1 Kings 16Explicit fulfillment of Joshua's prophetic curse concerning the rebuilding of Jericho.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel to the doom of Jeroboam's family, repeated verbatim against Baasha's house.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identical judgment of being eaten by dogs and fowls pronounced on Jeroboam's house.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbally echoes Hannah's song of God exalting the poor and lowly out of the dust.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Records Baasha's slaughter of Nadab (Jeroboam's son), for which he is here condemned.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Jehu the son of Hanani as a prominent prophet in Judah and Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Condemns Judah for keeping the wicked 'statutes of Omri' and works of Ahab.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms Ahab as unparalleled in evil, incited by his wife Jezebel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
A warning parallel of a wicked man (Nabal) struck down by God while drinking.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jezebel invokes Zimri's treason as a proverb for those who murder their masters.
Supported by JFB
Parallel execution of a royal dynasty without leaving any survivors.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel language where God exalts a commoner to be prince over Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Hosea's critique of northern kings devouring their rulers through persistent conspiracies.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Defines idols as 'vanities' that provoke the Lord to anger, fulfilling Deuteronomy.
Supported by Matthew Henry