Nehemiah5
New Living Translation
1About this time some of the men and their wives raised a cry of protest against their fellow Jews.
2They were saying, “We have such large families. We need more food to survive.”
3Others said, “We have mortgaged our fields, vineyards, and homes to get food during the famine.”
4And others said, “We have had to borrow money on our fields and vineyards to pay our taxes.
5We belong to the same family as those who are wealthy, and our children are just like theirs. Yet we must sell our children into slavery just to get enough money to live. We have already sold some of our daughters, and we are helpless to do anything about it, for our fields and vineyards are already mortgaged to others.”
6When I heard their complaints, I was very angry.
7After thinking it over, I spoke out against these nobles and officials. I told them, “You are hurting your own relatives by charging interest when they borrow money!” Then I called a public meeting to deal with the problem.
8At the meeting I said to them, “We are doing all we can to redeem our Jewish relatives who have had to sell themselves to pagan foreigners, but you are selling them back into slavery again. How often must we redeem them?” And they had nothing to say in their defense.
9Then I pressed further, “What you are doing is not right! Should you not walk in the fear of our God in order to avoid being mocked by enemy nations?
10I myself, as well as my brothers and my workers, have been lending the people money and grain, but now let us stop this business of charging interest.
11You must restore their fields, vineyards, olive groves, and homes to them this very day. And repay the interest you charged when you lent them money, grain, new wine, and olive oil.”
12They replied, “We will give back everything and demand nothing more from the people. We will do as you say.” Then I called the priests and made the nobles and officials swear to do what they had promised.
13I shook out the folds of my robe and said, “If you fail to keep your promise, may God shake you like this from your homes and from your property!” The whole assembly responded, “Amen,” and they praised the Lord. And the people did as they had promised.
14For the entire twelve years that I was governor of Judah—from the twentieth year to the thirty-second year of the reign of King Artaxerxes—neither I nor my officials drew on our official food allowance.
15The former governors, in contrast, had laid heavy burdens on the people, demanding a daily ration of food and wine, besides forty pieces of silver. Even their assistants took advantage of the people. But because I feared God, I did not act that way.
16I also devoted myself to working on the wall and refused to acquire any land. And I required all my servants to spend time working on the wall.
17I asked for nothing, even though I regularly fed 150 Jewish officials at my table, besides all the visitors from other lands!
18The provisions I paid for each day included one ox, six choice sheep or goats, and a large number of poultry. And every ten days we needed a large supply of all kinds of wine. Yet I refused to claim the governor’s food allowance because the people already carried a heavy burden.
19Remember, O my God, all that I have done for these people, and bless me for it.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nehemiah 5.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Jews complain of grievances. (1–5). Nehemiah redresses the grievances. (6–13). Nehemiah's forbearance. (14–19).
vv1-5
Men prey upon their fellow-creatures: by despising the poor they reproach their Maker. Such conduct is a disgrace to any, but who can sufficiently abhor it when adopted by professing Christians? With compassion for the oppressed, we should lament the hardships which many in the world are groaning under; putting our souls into their souls' stead, and remembering in our prayers and succours those who are burdened. But let those who show no mercy, expect judgment without mercy.
vv6-13
Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the worldliness and hard-heartedness of the professors of it. Those that rigorously insist upon their right, with a very ill grace try to persuade others to give up theirs. In reasoning with selfish people, it is good to contrast their conduct with that of others who are liberal; but it is best to point to His example, who though he was rich, yet for our sakes became poor, that we, through his poverty, might be rich, 2Co 8:9. They did according to promise. Good promises are good things, but good performances are better.
vv14-19
Those who truly fear God, will not dare to do any thing cruel or unjust. Let all who are in public places remember that they are so placed to do good, not to enrich themselves. Nehemiah mentions it to God in prayer, not as if he had merited any favour from God, but to show that he depended upon God only, to make up to him what he had lost and laid out for his honour. Nehemiah evidently spake and acted as one that knew himself to be a sinner. He did not mean to claim a reward as of debt, but in the manner that the Lord rewards a cup of cold water given to a disciple for his sake. The fear and love of God in the heart, and true love of the brethren, will lead to every good work. These are proper evidences of justifying faith; and our reconciled God will look upon persons of this character for good, according to all they have done for his people.
Key Words
גָּדוֹל: great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
צַעֲקָה: a shriek
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אִשָּׁה: a woman
יְהוּדִי: a Jehudite (i.e. Judaite or Jew), or descendant of Jehudah (i.e. Judah)
אָח: a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance (like father))
יֵשׁ: there is or are (or any other form of the verb to be, as may suit the connection)
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
Cross References
Nehemiah 5Directly violates the Mosaic prohibition against charging interest (usury) to a brother Jew.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic law governing assistance to impoverished brothers without taking usury or profit.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The legal allowance and regulations concerning selling daughters into bondage due to extreme poverty.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The law prescribing the redemption of poor brethren who have sold themselves to foreigners.
Supported by JFB
Ezra similarly administers a solemn oath to the priests to ensure compliance with a public reformation.
Supported by JFB
Paul performs a similar symbolic gesture of shaking his garments as a sign of judgment.
Supported by JFB
Paul, like Nehemiah, declined his legitimate right to financial support to avoid hindering his work.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Commandment to open the hand wide and not be hard-hearted toward a poor brother.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph likewise demonstrates that the fear of God governs his just conduct toward others.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel description of daily provision showing the scale of a ruler's household hospitality.
Supported by JFB
Nehemiah's repeated prayer for God to remember his deeds of mercy and service.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explicit mention of the heavy Persian tribute that forced the people to borrow money.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Biblical use of 'not good' as a strong understatement for something deeply wicked.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Reflects the economic reality that increased goods bring an increased number of consumers.
Supported by JFB