Nehemiah 5ESV
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Nehemiah5

English Standard Version

1Now there arose a of the and of their against their .

2For there those , With our and our , we are . So let us , that we may and keep .

3There also those , We are our , our , and our to because of the .

4And there those , We have for the on our and our .

5 our is as the of our , our are as their . we are our and our to be , and of our have been , but it is in our to help it, for other have our and our .

6I was when I their and .

7I with , and I the and the . I to them, You are , from his . And I a them

8and to them, We, as far as we are , have our who have been to the , but you your that they may be to us! They were and could a to say.

9So I , The you are is . Ought you to in the of our to the of the our ?

10 , and my and my are them and . Let exacting of .

11 to them this very their , their , their , and their , and the of , , , and you have been from them.

12Then they , We will these and from them. We will you . And I the and to as they had .

13I shook the fold of my and , may his and his does . may he be and . And the and the Lord. And the as they had .

14 , the I was to be their in the of , the the of the , , nor my the food of the .

15The were me laid the and them for their of . their it the . But I did , of the of .

16I in the on , and we , and my were the .

17Moreover, my men, and , besides those to us the that were us.

18Now was at my expense for each was and and , and kinds of in . Yet for I did the food of the , the was too .

19 for my , O my , I have .

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Nehemiah 5.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Jews complain of grievances. (1–5). Nehemiah redresses the grievances. (6–13). Nehemiah's forbearance. (14–19).

vv1-5

Men prey upon their fellow-creatures: by despising the poor they reproach their Maker. Such conduct is a disgrace to any, but who can sufficiently abhor it when adopted by professing Christians? With compassion for the oppressed, we should lament the hardships which many in the world are groaning under; putting our souls into their souls' stead, and remembering in our prayers and succours those who are burdened. But let those who show no mercy, expect judgment without mercy.

vv6-13

Nehemiah knew that, if he built Jerusalem's walls ever so high, so thick, or so strong, the city could not be safe while there were abuses. The right way to reform men's lives, is to convince their consciences. If you walk in the fear of God, you will not be either covetous of worldly gain, or cruel toward your brethren. Nothing exposes religion more to reproach, than the worldliness and hard-heartedness of the professors of it. Those that rigorously insist upon their right, with a very ill grace try to persuade others to give up theirs. In reasoning with selfish people, it is good to contrast their conduct with that of others who are liberal; but it is best to point to His example, who though he was rich, yet for our sakes became poor, that we, through his poverty, might be rich, 2Co 8:9. They did according to promise. Good promises are good things, but good performances are better.

vv14-19

Those who truly fear God, will not dare to do any thing cruel or unjust. Let all who are in public places remember that they are so placed to do good, not to enrich themselves. Nehemiah mentions it to God in prayer, not as if he had merited any favour from God, but to show that he depended upon God only, to make up to him what he had lost and laid out for his honour. Nehemiah evidently spake and acted as one that knew himself to be a sinner. He did not mean to claim a reward as of debt, but in the manner that the Lord rewards a cup of cold water given to a disciple for his sake. The fear and love of God in the heart, and true love of the brethren, will lead to every good work. These are proper evidences of justifying faith; and our reconciled God will look upon persons of this character for good, according to all they have done for his people.

Cross References

Nehemiah 5

Directly violates the Mosaic prohibition against charging interest (usury) to a brother Jew.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The Mosaic law governing assistance to impoverished brothers without taking usury or profit.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Exodus 21:7thematic

The legal allowance and regulations concerning selling daughters into bondage due to extreme poverty.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The law prescribing the redemption of poor brethren who have sold themselves to foreigners.

Supported by JFB

v12Ezra 10:5thematic

Ezra similarly administers a solemn oath to the priests to ensure compliance with a public reformation.

Supported by JFB

v13Acts 18:6thematic

Paul performs a similar symbolic gesture of shaking his garments as a sign of judgment.

Supported by JFB

Paul, like Nehemiah, declined his legitimate right to financial support to avoid hindering his work.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Commandment to open the hand wide and not be hard-hearted toward a poor brother.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v15Genesis 42:18thematic

Joseph likewise demonstrates that the fear of God governs his just conduct toward others.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v181 Kings 4:22thematic

Parallel description of daily provision showing the scale of a ruler's household hospitality.

Supported by JFB

v19Nehemiah 13:22thematic

Nehemiah's repeated prayer for God to remember his deeds of mercy and service.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Ezra 4:13thematic

Explicit mention of the heavy Persian tribute that forced the people to borrow money.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Proverbs 16:29thematic

Biblical use of 'not good' as a strong understatement for something deeply wicked.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Reflects the economic reality that increased goods bring an increased number of consumers.

Supported by JFB