Ezra10
New King James Version
1Now while Ezra was praying, and while he was confessing, weeping, and bowing down before the house of God, a very large assembly of men, women, and children gathered to him from Israel; for the people wept very bitterly.
2And Shechaniah the son of Jehiel, one of the sons of Elam, spoke up and said to Ezra, “We have trespassed against our God, and have taken pagan wives from the peoples of the land; yet now there is hope in Israel in spite of this.
3Now therefore, let us make a covenant with our God to put away all these wives and those who have been born to them, according to the advice of my master and of those who tremble at the commandment of our God; and let it be done according to the law.
4Arise, for this matter is your responsibility. We also are with you. Be of good courage, and do it.”
5Then Ezra arose, and made the leaders of the priests, the Levites, and all Israel swear an oath that they would do according to this word. So they swore an oath.
6Then Ezra rose up from before the house of God, and went into the chamber of Jehohanan the son of Eliashib; and when he came there, he ate no bread and drank no water, for he mourned because of the guilt of those from the captivity.
7And they issued a proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem to all the descendants of the captivity, that they must gather at Jerusalem,
8and that whoever would not come within three days, according to the instructions of the leaders and elders, all his property would be confiscated, and he himself would be separated from the assembly of those from the captivity.
9So all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered at Jerusalem within three days. It was the ninth month, on the twentieth of the month; and all the people sat in the open square of the house of God, trembling because of this matter and because of heavy rain.
10Then Ezra the priest stood up and said to them, “You have transgressed and have taken pagan wives, adding to the guilt of Israel.
11Now therefore, make confession to the Lord God of your fathers, and do His will; separate yourselves from the peoples of the land, and from the pagan wives.”
12Then all the assembly answered and said with a loud voice, “Yes! As you have said, so we must do.
13But there are many people; it is the season for heavy rain, and we are not able to stand outside. Nor is this the work of one or two days, for there are many of us who have transgressed in this matter.
14Please, let the leaders of our entire assembly stand; and let all those in our cities who have taken pagan wives come at appointed times, together with the elders and judges of their cities, until the fierce wrath of our God is turned away from us in this matter.”
15Only Jonathan the son of Asahel and Jahaziah the son of Tikvah opposed this, and Meshullam and Shabbethai the Levite gave them support.
16Then the descendants of the captivity did so. And Ezra the priest, with certain heads of the fathers’ households, were set apart by the fathers’ households, each of them by name; and they sat down on the first day of the tenth month to examine the matter.
17By the first day of the first month they finished questioning all the men who had taken pagan wives.
18And among the sons of the priests who had taken pagan wives the following were found of the sons of Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brothers: Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib, and Gedaliah.
19And they gave their promise that they would put away their wives; and being guilty, they presented a ram of the flock as their trespass offering.
20Also of the sons of Immer: Hanani and Zebadiah;
21of the sons of Harim: Maaseiah, Elijah, Shemaiah, Jehiel, and Uzziah;
22of the sons of Pashhur: Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethanel, Jozabad, and Elasah.
23Also of the Levites: Jozabad, Shimei, Kelaiah (the same is Kelita), Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer.
24Also of the singers: Eliashib; and of the gatekeepers: Shallum, Telem, and Uri.
25And others of Israel: of the sons of Parosh: Ramiah, Jeziah, Malchiah, Mijamin, Eleazar, Malchijah, and Benaiah;
26of the sons of Elam: Mattaniah, Zechariah, Jehiel, Abdi, Jeremoth, and Eliah;
27of the sons of Zattu: Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, Jeremoth, Zabad, and Aziza;
28of the sons of Bebai: Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, and Athlai;
29of the sons of Bani: Meshullam, Malluch, Adaiah, Jashub, Sheal, and Ramoth;
30of the sons of Pahath-Moab: Adna, Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezalel, Binnui, and Manasseh;
31of the sons of Harim: Eliezer, Ishijah, Malchijah, Shemaiah, Shimeon,
32Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah;
33of the sons of Hashum: Mattenai, Mattattah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei;
34of the sons of Bani: Maadai, Amram, Uel,
35Benaiah, Bedeiah, Cheluh,
36Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib,
37Mattaniah, Mattenai, Jaasai,
38Bani, Binnui, Shimei,
39Shelemiah, Nathan, Adaiah,
40Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai,
41Azarel, Shelemiah, Shemariah,
42Shallum, Amariah, and Joseph;
43of the sons of Nebo: Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jaddai, Joel, and Benaiah.
44All these had taken pagan wives, and some of them had wives by whom they had children.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezra 10.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Ezra encourages to reformation. (1–5). He assembles the people. (6–14). Reformation effected. (15–44).
vv1-5
Shechaniah owned the national guilt. The case is sad, but it is not desperate; the disease threatening, but not incurable. Now that the people begin to lament, a spirit of repentance seems to be poured out; now there is hope that God will forgive, and have mercy. The sin that rightly troubles us, shall not ruin us. In melancholy times we must observe what makes for us, as well as against us. And there may be good hopes through grace, even where there is the sense of great guilt before God. The case is plain; what has been done amiss, must be undone again as far as possible; nothing less than this is true repentance. Sin must be put away, with a resolution never to have any thing more to do with it. What has been unjustly got, must be restored. Arise, be of good courage. Weeping, in this case, is good, but reforming is better. As to being unequally yoked with unbelievers, such marriages, it is certain, are sinful, and ought not to be made; but now they are not null, as they were before the gospel did away the separation between Jews and Gentiles.
vv6-14
There is hope concerning people, when they are convinced, not only that it is good to part with their sins, but that it is necessary; we must do it, or we are undone. So rich is the mercy, and so plenteous the redemption of God, that there is hope for the vilest who hear the gospel, and are willing to accept of free salvation. When sinners mourn for their sins, and tremble at the word of God, there is hope that they will forsake them. To affect others with godly sorrow or love to God, we must ourselves be affected. It was carefully agreed how this affair should be carried on. That which is hastily resolved on seldom proves lasting.
vv15-44
The best reformers can but do their endeavour; when the Redeemer himself shall come to Zion, he shall effectually turn away ungodliness from Jacob. And when sin is repented of and forsaken, God will forgive it; but the blood of Christ, our Sin-offering, is the only atonement which takes away our guilt. No seeming repentance or amendment will benefit those who reject Him, for self-dependence proves them still unhumbled. All the names written in the book of life, are those of penitent sinners, not of self-righteous persons, who think they have no need of repentance.
Key Words
עֶזְרָא: Ezra, an Israelite
פָּלַל: to judge (officially or mentally); by extension, to intercede, pray
יָדָה: physically, to throw (a stone, an arrow) at or away; especially to revere or worship (with extended hands); intensively, to bemoan (by wringing the hands)
בָּכָה: to weep; generally to bemoan
נָפַל: to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
מְאֹד: properly, vehemence, i.e. (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or superlative; especially when repeated)
רַב: abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
Cross References
Ezra 10Ezra's authority to reform is rooted in the Persian king's decree detailed in chapter 7.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament marital instructions contrast with the absolute nullification/separation required under the Law.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The reform is initiated by those who 'tremble' at the word of God, echoing Isaiah's description.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The guilty priests offer a ram as a trespass offering in accordance with Levitical law.
Supported by JFB
Proverbs warns against being joined to 'strange' women, the very transgression examined here.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Ezra's public confession and weeping parallel Daniel's model of corporate confession.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Mosaic Law explicitly forbade marrying Canaanite/idolatrous women.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The assembly is composed of those who trembled at God's words in the previous chapter.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Nehemiah addresses the recurring, deeply-rooted crisis of intermarriage with foreign wives.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The returned community later enters a solemn covenant oath to put away foreign wives.
Supported by JFB
The holy seed, specifically including priests and rulers, had mingled themselves with foreign peoples.
Supported by JFB
Giving/pledging their hands was an established cultural gesture of submitting and swearing fidelity.
Supported by JFB
Johanan/Jehohanan and Eliashib are prominent figures in the high-priestly lineage.
Supported by JFB
Forfeited property ('devoted') was permanently dedicated to the Lord under Levitical law.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates the heavy, cold winter rains characteristic of the region during the ninth month.
Supported by JFB
Shechaniah's own relatives from the line of Elam are listed among the offenders.
Supported by Matthew Poole