Revelation 18NKJV
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Revelation18

New King James Version

1After these things I saw another angel coming down from heaven, having great authority, and the earth was illuminated with his glory.

2And he cried mightily with a loud voice, saying, “Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and has become a dwelling place of demons, a prison for every foul spirit, and a cage for every unclean and hated bird!

3For all the nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth have become rich through the abundance of her luxury.”

4And I heard another voice from heaven saying, “Come out of her, my people, lest you share in her sins, and lest you receive of her plagues.

5For her sins have reached to heaven, and God has remembered her iniquities.

6Render to her just as she rendered to you, and repay her double according to her works; in the cup which she has mixed, mix double for her.

7In the measure that she glorified herself and lived luxuriously, in the same measure give her torment and sorrow; for she says in her heart, ‘I sit as queen, and am no widow, and will not see sorrow.’

8Therefore her plagues will come in one day—death and mourning and famine. And she will be utterly burned with fire, for strong is the Lord God who judges her.

9“The kings of the earth who committed fornication and lived luxuriously with her will weep and lament for her, when they see the smoke of her burning,

10standing at a distance for fear of her torment, saying, ‘Alas, alas, that great city Babylon, that mighty city! For in one hour your judgment has come.’

11“And the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, for no one buys their merchandise anymore:

12merchandise of gold and silver, precious stones and pearls, fine linen and purple, silk and scarlet, every kind of citron wood, every kind of object of ivory, every kind of object of most precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble;

13and cinnamon and incense, fragrant oil and frankincense, wine and oil, fine flour and wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and chariots, and bodies and souls of men.

14The fruit that your soul longed for has gone from you, and all the things which are rich and splendid have gone from you, and you shall find them no more at all.

15The merchants of these things, who became rich by her, will stand at a distance for fear of her torment, weeping and wailing,

16and saying, ‘Alas, alas, that great city that was clothed in fine linen, purple, and scarlet, and adorned with gold and precious stones and pearls!

17For in one hour such great riches came to nothing.’ Every shipmaster, all who travel by ship, sailors, and as many as trade on the sea, stood at a distance

18and cried out when they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, ‘What is like this great city?’

19“They threw dust on their heads and cried out, weeping and wailing, and saying, ‘Alas, alas, that great city, in which all who had ships on the sea became rich by her wealth! For in one hour she is made desolate.’

20“Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you holy apostles and prophets, for God has avenged you on her!”

21Then a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone and threw it into the sea, saying, “Thus with violence the great city Babylon shall be thrown down, and shall not be found anymore.

22The sound of harpists, musicians, flutists, and trumpeters shall not be heard in you anymore. No craftsman of any craft shall be found in you anymore, and the sound of a millstone shall not be heard in you anymore.

23The light of a lamp shall not shine in you anymore, and the voice of bridegroom and bride shall not be heard in you anymore. For your merchants were the great men of the earth, for by your sorcery all the nations were deceived.

24And in her was found the blood of prophets and saints, and of all who were slain on the earth.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Revelation 18.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Another angel from heaven proclaims the fall of mystical Babylon. (1–3). A voice from heaven admonishes the people of God, lest they partake of her plagues. (4–8). The lamentations over her. (9–19). The church called upon to rejoice in her utter ruin. (20–24).

vv1-8

The downfal and destruction of the mystical Babylon are determined in the counsels of God. Another angel comes from heaven. This seems to be Christ himself, coming to destroy his enemies, and to shed abroad the light of his gospel through all nations. The wickedness of this Babylon was very great; she had forsaken the true God, and set up idols, and had drawn all sorts of men into spiritual adultery, and by her wealth and luxury kept them in her interest. The spiritual merchandise, by which multitudes have wickedly lived in wealth, by the sins and follies of mankind, seems principally intended. Fair warning is given to all that expect mercy from God, that they should not only come out of this Babylon, but assist in her destruction. God may have a people even in Babylon. But God's people shall be called out of Babylon, and called effectually, while those that partake with wicked men in their sins, must receive of their plagues. (Rev 18:9-19)

vv9-19

The mourners had shared Babylon's sensual pleasures, and gained by her wealth and trade. The kings of the earth, whom she flattered into idolatry, allowing them to be tyrannical over their subjects, while obedient to her; and the merchants, those who trafficked for her indulgences, pardons, and honours; these mourn. Babylon's friends partook her sinful pleasures and profits, but are not willing to share her plagues. The spirit of antichrist is a worldly spirit, and that sorrow is a mere worldly sorrow; they do not lament for the anger of God, but for the loss of outward comforts. The magnificence and riches of the ungodly will avail them nothing, but will render the vengeance harder to be borne. The spiritual merchandise is here alluded to, when not only slaves, but the souls of men, are mentioned as articles of commerce, to the destroying the souls of millions. Nor has this been peculiar to the Roman antichrist, and only her guilt. But let prosperous traders learn, with all their gains, to get the unsearchable riches of Christ; otherwise; even in this life, they may have to mourn that riches make to themselves wings and fly away, and that all the fruits their souls lusted after, are departed from them. Death, at any rate, will soon end their commerce, and all the riches of the ungodly will be exchanged, not only for the coffin and the worm, but for the fire that cannot be quenched.

vv20-24

That which is matter of rejoicing to the servants of God on earth, is matter of rejoicing to the angels in heaven. The apostles, who are honoured and daily worshipped at Rome in an idolatrous manner, will rejoice in her fall. The fall of Babylon was an act of God's justice. And because it was a final ruin, this enemy should never molest them any more; of this they were assured by a sign. Let us take warning from the things which brought others to destruction, and let us set our affections on things above, when we consider the changeable nature of earthly things.

Key Words

AfterG3326Greek

μετά (metá): properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession) with which it is joined; occupying an intermediate position between G575 (ἀπό) or G1537 (ἐκ) and G1519 (εἰς) or G4314 (πρός); less intimate than G1722 (ἐν) and less close than G4862 (σύν))

thisG5023Greek

ταῦτα (taûta): these things

sawG1492Greek

εἴδω (eídō): used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent G3700 (ὀπτάνομαι) and G3708 (ὁράω); properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by implication, (in the perfect tense only) to know

anotherG243Greek

ἄλλος (állos): "else," i.e. different (in many applications)

angelG32Greek

ἄγγελος (ángelos): compare G34 (ἀγέλη)) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by implication, a pastor

coming downG2597Greek

καταβαίνω (katabaínō): to descend (literally or figuratively)

fromG1537Greek

ἐκ (ek): literal or figurative; direct or remote)

heavenG3772Greek

οὐρανός (ouranós): the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of God); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the Gospel (Christianity)

havingG2192Greek

ἔχω (échō): to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or condition)

greatG3173Greek

μέγας (mégas): big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)

Cross References

Revelation 18
v2Isaiah 21:9allusion

Direct textual source for 'Babylon is fallen, is fallen' and desolation imagery.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Jeremiah 51:6quotation

The Old Testament call for God's people to flee Babylon to escape her judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v21Jeremiah 51:63typology

Seraiah's prophetic action of binding a stone and casting it into Euphrates mirrors millstone cast into sea.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Jeremiah 51:8allusion

Old Testament source for the sudden fall and mourning over historical Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Isaiah 47:7-9allusion

The source of Babylon's boast: 'I sit a queen... and shall see no sorrow.'

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v22Jeremiah 25:10allusion

Parallel judgment of silencing the millstone, candle light, and voices of bridegroom and bride.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Isaiah 13:19-22allusion

Prophetic background of desolate Babylon becoming a dwelling place for wild beasts and unclean spirits.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Revelation 14:8allusion

Earlier apocalyptic announcement of Babylon's fall and her cup of fornication.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Apostolic instruction to separate from unclean things, adapting the call to flee Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Jeremiah 51:9allusion

Old Testament source of sins reaching up to heaven and judgment matching her work.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v11Ezekiel 27:27-36allusion

The lamentation of merchants and shipmasters modeled directly on the fall of Tyre.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v4Genesis 19:12typology

The warning to Lot to flee Sodom before fire falls, illustrating urgent separation.

Supported by JFB

v4Numbers 16:26typology

Moses commanding Israel to depart from tents of Korah to escape their sudden judgment.

Supported by JFB

v6Isaiah 40:2thematic

Provides biblical precedent for the concept of receiving 'double' for all her sins.

Supported by JFB

v16Revelation 17:4thematic

Identical description of the harlot's luxury: purple, scarlet, gold, precious stones, and pearls.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v24Matthew 23:35thematic

The culmination of righteous blood shed on the earth charged to apostate authority.

Supported by Matthew Henry