Revelation18
New American Standard
1After these things I saw another angel coming down from heaven, having great authority, and the earth was illuminated from his glory.
2And he cried out with a mighty voice, saying, “Fallen, fallen is Babylon the great! She has become a dwelling place of demons and a prison of every unclean spirit, and a prison of every unclean and hateful bird.
3For all the nations have fallen because of the wine of the passion of her sexual immorality, and the kings of the earth have committed acts of sexual immorality with her, and the merchants of the earth have become rich from the excessive wealth of her luxury.”
4I heard another voice from heaven, saying, “Come out of her, my people, so that you will not participate in her sins and receive any of her plagues;
5for her sins have piled up as high as heaven, and God has remembered her offenses.
6Pay her back even as she has paid, and give back to her double according to her deeds; in the cup which she has mixed, mix twice as much for her.
7To the extent that she glorified herself and lived luxuriously, to the same extent give her torment and mourning; for she says in her heart, ‘I sit as a queen and I am not a widow, and will never see mourning.’
8For this reason in one day her plagues will come, plague and mourning and famine, and she will be burned up with fire; for the Lord God who judges her is strong.
9“And the kings of the earth, who committed acts of sexual immorality and lived luxuriously with her, will weep and mourn over her when they see the smoke of her burning,
10standing at a distance because of the fear of her torment, saying, ‘Woe, woe, the great city, Babylon, the strong city! For in one hour your judgment has come.’
11“And the merchants of the earth weep and mourn over her, because no one buys their cargo any more—
12cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; every kind of citron wood, every article of ivory, and every article made from very valuable wood, bronze, iron, and marble;
13cinnamon, spice, incense, perfume, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, wheat, cattle, sheep, and cargo of horses, carriages, slaves, and human lives.
14The fruit you long for has left you, and all things that were luxurious and splendid have passed away from you and people will no longer find them.
15The merchants of these things, who became rich from her, will stand at a distance because of the fear of her torment, weeping and mourning,
16saying, ‘Woe, woe, the great city, she who was clothed in fine linen and purple and scarlet, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls;
17for in one hour such great wealth has been laid waste!’ And every shipmaster and every passenger and sailor, and all who make their living by the sea, stood at a distance,
18and were crying out as they saw the smoke of her burning, saying, ‘What city is like the great city?’
19And they threw dust on their heads and were crying out, weeping and mourning, saying, ‘Woe, woe, the great city, in which all who had ships at sea became rich from her prosperity, for in one hour she has been laid waste!’
20Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you saints and apostles and prophets, because God has pronounced judgment for you against her.”
21Then a strong angel picked up a stone like a great millstone and threw it into the sea, saying, “So will Babylon, the great city, be thrown down with violence, and will never be found again.
22And the sound of harpists, musicians, flute players, and trumpeters will never be heard in you again; and no craftsman of any craft will ever be found in you again; and the sound of a mill will never be heard in you again;
23and the light of a lamp will never shine in you again; and the voice of the groom and bride will never be heard in you again; for your merchants were the powerful people of the earth, because all the nations were deceived by your witchcraft.
24And in her was found the blood of prophets and of saints, and of all who have been slaughtered on the earth.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Revelation 18.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Another angel from heaven proclaims the fall of mystical Babylon. (1–3). A voice from heaven admonishes the people of God, lest they partake of her plagues. (4–8). The lamentations over her. (9–19). The church called upon to rejoice in her utter ruin. (20–24).
vv1-8
The downfal and destruction of the mystical Babylon are determined in the counsels of God. Another angel comes from heaven. This seems to be Christ himself, coming to destroy his enemies, and to shed abroad the light of his gospel through all nations. The wickedness of this Babylon was very great; she had forsaken the true God, and set up idols, and had drawn all sorts of men into spiritual adultery, and by her wealth and luxury kept them in her interest. The spiritual merchandise, by which multitudes have wickedly lived in wealth, by the sins and follies of mankind, seems principally intended. Fair warning is given to all that expect mercy from God, that they should not only come out of this Babylon, but assist in her destruction. God may have a people even in Babylon. But God's people shall be called out of Babylon, and called effectually, while those that partake with wicked men in their sins, must receive of their plagues. (Rev 18:9-19)
vv9-19
The mourners had shared Babylon's sensual pleasures, and gained by her wealth and trade. The kings of the earth, whom she flattered into idolatry, allowing them to be tyrannical over their subjects, while obedient to her; and the merchants, those who trafficked for her indulgences, pardons, and honours; these mourn. Babylon's friends partook her sinful pleasures and profits, but are not willing to share her plagues. The spirit of antichrist is a worldly spirit, and that sorrow is a mere worldly sorrow; they do not lament for the anger of God, but for the loss of outward comforts. The magnificence and riches of the ungodly will avail them nothing, but will render the vengeance harder to be borne. The spiritual merchandise is here alluded to, when not only slaves, but the souls of men, are mentioned as articles of commerce, to the destroying the souls of millions. Nor has this been peculiar to the Roman antichrist, and only her guilt. But let prosperous traders learn, with all their gains, to get the unsearchable riches of Christ; otherwise; even in this life, they may have to mourn that riches make to themselves wings and fly away, and that all the fruits their souls lusted after, are departed from them. Death, at any rate, will soon end their commerce, and all the riches of the ungodly will be exchanged, not only for the coffin and the worm, but for the fire that cannot be quenched.
vv20-24
That which is matter of rejoicing to the servants of God on earth, is matter of rejoicing to the angels in heaven. The apostles, who are honoured and daily worshipped at Rome in an idolatrous manner, will rejoice in her fall. The fall of Babylon was an act of God's justice. And because it was a final ruin, this enemy should never molest them any more; of this they were assured by a sign. Let us take warning from the things which brought others to destruction, and let us set our affections on things above, when we consider the changeable nature of earthly things.
Key Words
μετά (metá): properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession) with which it is joined; occupying an intermediate position between G575 (ἀπό) or G1537 (ἐκ) and G1519 (εἰς) or G4314 (πρός); less intimate than G1722 (ἐν) and less close than G4862 (σύν))
ταῦτα (taûta): these things
εἴδω (eídō): used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent G3700 (ὀπτάνομαι) and G3708 (ὁράω); properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by implication, (in the perfect tense only) to know
ἄλλος (állos): "else," i.e. different (in many applications)
ἄγγελος (ángelos): compare G34 (ἀγέλη)) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by implication, a pastor
καταβαίνω (katabaínō): to descend (literally or figuratively)
ἐκ (ek): literal or figurative; direct or remote)
οὐρανός (ouranós): the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of God); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the Gospel (Christianity)
ἔχω (échō): to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or condition)
μέγας (mégas): big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)
Cross References
Revelation 18Direct textual source for 'Babylon is fallen, is fallen' and desolation imagery.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Old Testament call for God's people to flee Babylon to escape her judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Seraiah's prophetic action of binding a stone and casting it into Euphrates mirrors millstone cast into sea.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Old Testament source for the sudden fall and mourning over historical Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The source of Babylon's boast: 'I sit a queen... and shall see no sorrow.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel judgment of silencing the millstone, candle light, and voices of bridegroom and bride.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophetic background of desolate Babylon becoming a dwelling place for wild beasts and unclean spirits.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Earlier apocalyptic announcement of Babylon's fall and her cup of fornication.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Apostolic instruction to separate from unclean things, adapting the call to flee Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Old Testament source of sins reaching up to heaven and judgment matching her work.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The lamentation of merchants and shipmasters modeled directly on the fall of Tyre.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The warning to Lot to flee Sodom before fire falls, illustrating urgent separation.
Supported by JFB
Moses commanding Israel to depart from tents of Korah to escape their sudden judgment.
Supported by JFB
Provides biblical precedent for the concept of receiving 'double' for all her sins.
Supported by JFB
Identical description of the harlot's luxury: purple, scarlet, gold, precious stones, and pearls.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The culmination of righteous blood shed on the earth charged to apostate authority.
Supported by Matthew Henry