Revelation 18NIV
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Revelation18

New International Version

1After this I saw another angel coming down from heaven. He had great authority, and the earth was illuminated by his splendor.

2With a mighty voice he shouted: “‘Fallen! Fallen is Babylon the Great!’ She has become a dwelling for demons and a haunt for every impure spirit, a haunt for every unclean bird, a haunt for every unclean and detestable animal.

3For all the nations have drunk the maddening wine of her adulteries. The kings of the earth committed adultery with her, and the merchants of the earth grew rich from her excessive luxuries.”

4Then I heard another voice from heaven say: “‘Come out of her, my people,’ so that you will not share in her sins, so that you will not receive any of her plagues;

5for her sins are piled up to heaven, and God has remembered her crimes.

6Give back to her as she has given; pay her back double for what she has done. Pour her a double portion from her own cup.

7Give her as much torment and grief as the glory and luxury she gave herself. In her heart she boasts, ‘I sit enthroned as queen. I am not a widow; I will never mourn.’

8Therefore in one day her plagues will overtake her: death, mourning and famine. She will be consumed by fire, for mighty is the Lord God who judges her.

9“When the kings of the earth who committed adultery with her and shared her luxury see the smoke of her burning, they will weep and mourn over her.

10Terrified at her torment, they will stand far off and cry: “‘Woe! Woe to you, great city, you mighty city of Babylon! In one hour your doom has come!’

11“The merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her because no one buys their cargoes anymore—

12cargoes of gold, silver, precious stones and pearls; fine linen, purple, silk and scarlet cloth; every sort of citron wood, and articles of every kind made of ivory, costly wood, bronze, iron and marble;

13cargoes of cinnamon and spice, of incense, myrrh and frankincense, of wine and olive oil, of fine flour and wheat; cattle and sheep; horses and carriages; and human beings sold as slaves.

14“They will say, ‘The fruit you longed for is gone from you. All your luxury and splendor have vanished, never to be recovered.’

15The merchants who sold these things and gained their wealth from her will stand far off, terrified at her torment. They will weep and mourn

16and cry out: “‘Woe! Woe to you, great city, dressed in fine linen, purple and scarlet, and glittering with gold, precious stones and pearls!

17In one hour such great wealth has been brought to ruin!’ “Every sea captain, and all who travel by ship, the sailors, and all who earn their living from the sea, will stand far off.

18When they see the smoke of her burning, they will exclaim, ‘Was there ever a city like this great city?’

19They will throw dust on their heads, and with weeping and mourning cry out: “‘Woe! Woe to you, great city, where all who had ships on the sea became rich through her wealth! In one hour she has been brought to ruin!’

20“Rejoice over her, you heavens! Rejoice, you people of God! Rejoice, apostles and prophets! For God has judged her with the judgment she imposed on you.”

21Then a mighty angel picked up a boulder the size of a large millstone and threw it into the sea, and said: “With such violence the great city of Babylon will be thrown down, never to be found again.

22The music of harpists and musicians, pipers and trumpeters, will never be heard in you again. No worker of any trade will ever be found in you again. The sound of a millstone will never be heard in you again.

23The light of a lamp will never shine in you again. The voice of bridegroom and bride will never be heard in you again. Your merchants were the world’s important people. By your magic spell all the nations were led astray.

24In her was found the blood of prophets and of God’s holy people, of all who have been slaughtered on the earth.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Revelation 18.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Another angel from heaven proclaims the fall of mystical Babylon. (1–3). A voice from heaven admonishes the people of God, lest they partake of her plagues. (4–8). The lamentations over her. (9–19). The church called upon to rejoice in her utter ruin. (20–24).

vv1-8

The downfal and destruction of the mystical Babylon are determined in the counsels of God. Another angel comes from heaven. This seems to be Christ himself, coming to destroy his enemies, and to shed abroad the light of his gospel through all nations. The wickedness of this Babylon was very great; she had forsaken the true God, and set up idols, and had drawn all sorts of men into spiritual adultery, and by her wealth and luxury kept them in her interest. The spiritual merchandise, by which multitudes have wickedly lived in wealth, by the sins and follies of mankind, seems principally intended. Fair warning is given to all that expect mercy from God, that they should not only come out of this Babylon, but assist in her destruction. God may have a people even in Babylon. But God's people shall be called out of Babylon, and called effectually, while those that partake with wicked men in their sins, must receive of their plagues. (Rev 18:9-19)

vv9-19

The mourners had shared Babylon's sensual pleasures, and gained by her wealth and trade. The kings of the earth, whom she flattered into idolatry, allowing them to be tyrannical over their subjects, while obedient to her; and the merchants, those who trafficked for her indulgences, pardons, and honours; these mourn. Babylon's friends partook her sinful pleasures and profits, but are not willing to share her plagues. The spirit of antichrist is a worldly spirit, and that sorrow is a mere worldly sorrow; they do not lament for the anger of God, but for the loss of outward comforts. The magnificence and riches of the ungodly will avail them nothing, but will render the vengeance harder to be borne. The spiritual merchandise is here alluded to, when not only slaves, but the souls of men, are mentioned as articles of commerce, to the destroying the souls of millions. Nor has this been peculiar to the Roman antichrist, and only her guilt. But let prosperous traders learn, with all their gains, to get the unsearchable riches of Christ; otherwise; even in this life, they may have to mourn that riches make to themselves wings and fly away, and that all the fruits their souls lusted after, are departed from them. Death, at any rate, will soon end their commerce, and all the riches of the ungodly will be exchanged, not only for the coffin and the worm, but for the fire that cannot be quenched.

vv20-24

That which is matter of rejoicing to the servants of God on earth, is matter of rejoicing to the angels in heaven. The apostles, who are honoured and daily worshipped at Rome in an idolatrous manner, will rejoice in her fall. The fall of Babylon was an act of God's justice. And because it was a final ruin, this enemy should never molest them any more; of this they were assured by a sign. Let us take warning from the things which brought others to destruction, and let us set our affections on things above, when we consider the changeable nature of earthly things.

Key Words

AfterG3326Greek

μετά (metá): properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession) with which it is joined; occupying an intermediate position between G575 (ἀπό) or G1537 (ἐκ) and G1519 (εἰς) or G4314 (πρός); less intimate than G1722 (ἐν) and less close than G4862 (σύν))

thisG5023Greek

ταῦτα (taûta): these things

sawG1492Greek

εἴδω (eídō): used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent G3700 (ὀπτάνομαι) and G3708 (ὁράω); properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by implication, (in the perfect tense only) to know

anotherG243Greek

ἄλλος (állos): "else," i.e. different (in many applications)

angelG32Greek

ἄγγελος (ángelos): compare G34 (ἀγέλη)) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by implication, a pastor

coming downG2597Greek

καταβαίνω (katabaínō): to descend (literally or figuratively)

fromG1537Greek

ἐκ (ek): literal or figurative; direct or remote)

heavenG3772Greek

οὐρανός (ouranós): the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of God); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the Gospel (Christianity)

havingG2192Greek

ἔχω (échō): to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or condition)

greatG3173Greek

μέγας (mégas): big (literally or figuratively, in a very wide application)

Cross References

Revelation 18
v2Isaiah 21:9allusion

Direct textual source for 'Babylon is fallen, is fallen' and desolation imagery.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Jeremiah 51:6quotation

The Old Testament call for God's people to flee Babylon to escape her judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v21Jeremiah 51:63typology

Seraiah's prophetic action of binding a stone and casting it into Euphrates mirrors millstone cast into sea.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Jeremiah 51:8allusion

Old Testament source for the sudden fall and mourning over historical Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Isaiah 47:7-9allusion

The source of Babylon's boast: 'I sit a queen... and shall see no sorrow.'

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v22Jeremiah 25:10allusion

Parallel judgment of silencing the millstone, candle light, and voices of bridegroom and bride.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Isaiah 13:19-22allusion

Prophetic background of desolate Babylon becoming a dwelling place for wild beasts and unclean spirits.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Revelation 14:8allusion

Earlier apocalyptic announcement of Babylon's fall and her cup of fornication.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Apostolic instruction to separate from unclean things, adapting the call to flee Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Jeremiah 51:9allusion

Old Testament source of sins reaching up to heaven and judgment matching her work.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v11Ezekiel 27:27-36allusion

The lamentation of merchants and shipmasters modeled directly on the fall of Tyre.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v4Genesis 19:12typology

The warning to Lot to flee Sodom before fire falls, illustrating urgent separation.

Supported by JFB

v4Numbers 16:26typology

Moses commanding Israel to depart from tents of Korah to escape their sudden judgment.

Supported by JFB

v6Isaiah 40:2thematic

Provides biblical precedent for the concept of receiving 'double' for all her sins.

Supported by JFB

v16Revelation 17:4thematic

Identical description of the harlot's luxury: purple, scarlet, gold, precious stones, and pearls.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v24Matthew 23:35thematic

The culmination of righteous blood shed on the earth charged to apostate authority.

Supported by Matthew Henry