Jeremiah51
New International Version
1This is what the Lord says: “See, I will stir up the spirit of a destroyer against Babylon and the people of Leb Kamai.
2I will send foreigners to Babylon to winnow her and to devastate her land; they will oppose her on every side in the day of her disaster.
3Let not the archer string his bow, nor let him put on his armor. Do not spare her young men; completely destroy her army.
4They will fall down slain in Babylon, fatally wounded in her streets.
5For Israel and Judah have not been forsaken by their God, the Lord Almighty, though their land is full of guilt before the Holy One of Israel.
6“Flee from Babylon! Run for your lives! Do not be destroyed because of her sins. It is time for the Lord’s vengeance; he will repay her what she deserves.
7Babylon was a gold cup in the Lord’s hand; she made the whole earth drunk. The nations drank her wine; therefore they have now gone mad.
8Babylon will suddenly fall and be broken. Wail over her! Get balm for her pain; perhaps she can be healed.
9“‘We would have healed Babylon, but she cannot be healed; let us leave her and each go to our own land, for her judgment reaches to the skies, it rises as high as the heavens.’
10“‘The Lord has vindicated us; come, let us tell in Zion what the Lord our God has done.’
11“Sharpen the arrows, take up the shields! The Lord has stirred up the kings of the Medes, because his purpose is to destroy Babylon. The Lord will take vengeance, vengeance for his temple.
12Lift up a banner against the walls of Babylon! Reinforce the guard, station the watchmen, prepare an ambush! The Lord will carry out his purpose, his decree against the people of Babylon.
13You who live by many waters and are rich in treasures, your end has come, the time for you to be destroyed.
14The Lord Almighty has sworn by himself: I will surely fill you with troops, as with a swarm of locusts, and they will shout in triumph over you.
15“He made the earth by his power; he founded the world by his wisdom and stretched out the heavens by his understanding.
16When he thunders, the waters in the heavens roar; he makes clouds rise from the ends of the earth. He sends lightning with the rain and brings out the wind from his storehouses.
17“Everyone is senseless and without knowledge; every goldsmith is shamed by his idols. The images he makes are a fraud; they have no breath in them.
18They are worthless, the objects of mockery; when their judgment comes, they will perish.
19He who is the Portion of Jacob is not like these, for he is the Maker of all things, including the people of his inheritance— the Lord Almighty is his name.
20“You are my war club, my weapon for battle— with you I shatter nations, with you I destroy kingdoms,
21with you I shatter horse and rider, with you I shatter chariot and driver,
22with you I shatter man and woman, with you I shatter old man and youth, with you I shatter young man and young woman,
23with you I shatter shepherd and flock, with you I shatter farmer and oxen, with you I shatter governors and officials.
24“Before your eyes I will repay Babylon and all who live in Babylonia for all the wrong they have done in Zion,” declares the Lord.
25“I am against you, you destroying mountain, you who destroy the whole earth,” declares the Lord. “I will stretch out my hand against you, roll you off the cliffs, and make you a burned-out mountain.
26No rock will be taken from you for a cornerstone, nor any stone for a foundation, for you will be desolate forever,” declares the Lord.
27“Lift up a banner in the land! Blow the trumpet among the nations! Prepare the nations for battle against her; summon against her these kingdoms: Ararat, Minni and Ashkenaz. Appoint a commander against her; send up horses like a swarm of locusts.
28Prepare the nations for battle against her— the kings of the Medes, their governors and all their officials, and all the countries they rule.
29The land trembles and writhes, for the Lord’s purposes against Babylon stand— to lay waste the land of Babylon so that no one will live there.
30Babylon’s warriors have stopped fighting; they remain in their strongholds. Their strength is exhausted; they have become weaklings. Her dwellings are set on fire; the bars of her gates are broken.
31One courier follows another and messenger follows messenger to announce to the king of Babylon that his entire city is captured,
32the river crossings seized, the marshes set on fire, and the soldiers terrified.”
33This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: “Daughter Babylon is like a threshing floor at the time it is trampled; the time to harvest her will soon come.”
34“Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has devoured us, he has thrown us into confusion, he has made us an empty jar. Like a serpent he has swallowed us and filled his stomach with our delicacies, and then has spewed us out.
35May the violence done to our flesh be on Babylon,” say the inhabitants of Zion. “May our blood be on those who live in Babylonia,” says Jerusalem.
36Therefore this is what the Lord says: “See, I will defend your cause and avenge you; I will dry up her sea and make her springs dry.
37Babylon will be a heap of ruins, a haunt of jackals, an object of horror and scorn, a place where no one lives.
38Her people all roar like young lions, they growl like lion cubs.
39But while they are aroused, I will set out a feast for them and make them drunk, so that they shout with laughter— then sleep forever and not awake,” declares the Lord.
40“I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams and goats.
41“How Sheshak will be captured, the boast of the whole earth seized! How desolate Babylon will be among the nations!
42The sea will rise over Babylon; its roaring waves will cover her.
43Her towns will be desolate, a dry and desert land, a land where no one lives, through which no one travels.
44I will punish Bel in Babylon and make him spew out what he has swallowed. The nations will no longer stream to him. And the wall of Babylon will fall.
45“Come out of her, my people! Run for your lives! Run from the fierce anger of the Lord.
46Do not lose heart or be afraid when rumors are heard in the land; one rumor comes this year, another the next, rumors of violence in the land and of ruler against ruler.
47For the time will surely come when I will punish the idols of Babylon; her whole land will be disgraced and her slain will all lie fallen within her.
48Then heaven and earth and all that is in them will shout for joy over Babylon, for out of the north destroyers will attack her,” declares the Lord.
49“Babylon must fall because of Israel’s slain, just as the slain in all the earth have fallen because of Babylon.
50You who have escaped the sword, leave and do not linger! Remember the Lord in a distant land, and call to mind Jerusalem.”
51“We are disgraced, for we have been insulted and shame covers our faces, because foreigners have entered the holy places of the Lord’s house.”
52“But days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when I will punish her idols, and throughout her land the wounded will groan.
53Even if Babylon ascends to the heavens and fortifies her lofty stronghold, I will send destroyers against her,” declares the Lord.
54“The sound of a cry comes from Babylon, the sound of great destruction from the land of the Babylonians.
55The Lord will destroy Babylon; he will silence her noisy din. Waves of enemies will rage like great waters; the roar of their voices will resound.
56A destroyer will come against Babylon; her warriors will be captured, and their bows will be broken. For the Lord is a God of retribution; he will repay in full.
57I will make her officials and wise men drunk, her governors, officers and warriors as well; they will sleep forever and not awake,” declares the King, whose name is the Lord Almighty.
58This is what the Lord Almighty says: “Babylon’s thick wall will be leveled and her high gates set on fire; the peoples exhaust themselves for nothing, the nations’ labor is only fuel for the flames.”
59This is the message Jeremiah the prophet gave to the staff officer Seraiah son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, when he went to Babylon with Zedekiah king of Judah in the fourth year of his reign.
60Jeremiah had written on a scroll about all the disasters that would come upon Babylon—all that had been recorded concerning Babylon.
61He said to Seraiah, “When you get to Babylon, see that you read all these words aloud.
62Then say, ‘Lord, you have said you will destroy this place, so that neither people nor animals will live in it; it will be desolate forever.’
63When you finish reading this scroll, tie a stone to it and throw it into the Euphrates.
64Then say, ‘So will Babylon sink to rise no more because of the disaster I will bring on her. And her people will fall.’” The words of Jeremiah end here.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 51.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Babylon's doom; God's controversy with her; encouragements from thence to the Israel of God. (1-58). The confirming of this. (59-64).
vv1-58
The particulars of this prophecy are dispersed and interwoven, and the same things left and returned to again. Babylon is abundant in treasures, yet neither her waters nor her wealth shall secure her. Destruction comes when they did not think of it. Wherever we are, in the greatest depths, at the greatest distances, we are to remember the Lord our God; and in the times of the greatest fears and hopes, it is most needful to remember the Lord. The feeling excited by Babylon's fall is the same with the New Testament Babylon, Rev. 18:9,19. The ruin of all who support idolatry, infidelity, and superstition, is needful for the revival of true godliness; and the threatening prophecies of Scripture yield comfort in this view. The great seat of antichristian tyranny, idolatry, and superstition, the persecutor of true Christians, is as certainly doomed to destruction as ancient Babylon. Then will vast multitudes mourn for sin, and seek the Lord. Then will the lost sheep of the house of Israel be brought back to the fold of the good Shepherd, and stray no more. And the exact fulfilment of these ancient prophecies encourages us to faith in all the promises and prophecies of the sacred Scriptures.
vv59-64
This prophecy is sent to Babylon, to the captives there, by Seraiah, who is to read it to his countrymen in captivity. Let them with faith see the end of these threatening powers, and comfort themselves herewith. When we see what this world is, how glittering its shows, and how flattering its proposals, let us read in the book of the Lord that it shall shortly be desolate. The book must be thrown into the river Euphrates. The fall of the New Testament Babylon is thus represented, Rev. 18:21. Those that sink under the weight of God's wrath and curse, sink for ever. Babylon, and every antichrist, will soon sink and rise no more for ever. Let us hope in God's word, and quietly wait for his salvation; then we shall see, but shall not share, the destruction of the wicked.
Key Words
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
הִנֵּה: lo!
עוּר: to wake (literally or figuratively)
רוּחַ: wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions)
שָׁחַת: to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בָּבֶל: Babel (i.e. Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
לִבְנִי: a Libnite or descendants of Libni (collectively)
Cross References
Jeremiah 51Verbatim duplicate of Jeremiah 10:12-16, contrasting God's cosmic power and the Portion of Jacob with futile idols.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
New Testament command to 'come out of her' echoes Jeremiah's call to flee Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
An angel casts a millstone into the sea, mirroring Seraiah throwing the book into Euphrates.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct parallel of the golden cup in Babylon's hand making the earth drunken with her impurities.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The exact prophetic exclamation: 'Babylon is fallen, is fallen,' echoed in Isaiah and later Revelation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
John's Apocalypse borrows this exact imagery of Babylon dwelling on many waters to describe mystical Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The final, permanent desolation of Babylon is typologically applied to New Testament mystical Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The historical fulfillment of Babylon's sudden fall during a night of drunken feasting.
Supported by JFB
The drying up of Babylon's protective waters (Euphrates) to prepare the way for her conquerors.
Supported by JFB
The symbolic sinking of the book in Euphrates typifies mystical Babylon's final, irreversible fall.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God using 'fanners' to winnow and scatter a nation like chaff, emptying her land.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The New Testament call to 'Come out of her, my people' echoes this command to flee.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Babylon represented as the 'head of gold,' matching the splendor of the 'golden cup'.
Supported by JFB
Irony of offering medicinal 'balm' for Babylon's terminal, incurable judgment.
Supported by JFB
Identical phrase: 'the vengeance of the Lord... the vengeance of his temple' for Babylon's crimes.
Supported by JFB
The law of retribution (lex talionis) executed upon Babylon for her violence against God's people.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Babylon as a destructive power or mountain influencing the entire earth, echoed in Revelation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The stouthearted sleep their sleep and the mighty men are unable to lift their hands.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies 'Sheshach' as a cryptogram/atbash name for Babylon, matching Jeremiah's earlier usage.
Supported by JFB
Heaven and earth are called to rejoice over the fall of Babylon in both testaments.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the prophetic decree that Babylon will become completely desolate, uninhabited by man or beast.
Another symbolic prophetic action where Jeremiah breaks a bottle to illustrate irreversible destruction.
Historical precedent of God sending a destructive 'blast' or 'wind' to overthrow an empire.
Supported by JFB
Mystical Babylon's sins and judgment reaching directly up to heaven.
Supported by JFB
God bringing forth His people's righteousness, vindicating them openly in Zion.
Supported by JFB
Parallel of Assyria as God's rod/axe, demonstrating how He uses pagan nations as weapons.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God's cosmic judgment in overthrowing the strength of kingdoms, specifically the horses and riders.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The contrasting of a great, proud, opposing mountain with God's sovereign power to level it.
Supported by JFB
Prophecy of the land of the Chaldeans being reduced to perpetual desolations.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explicit naming of the Medes as the instruments stirred up by God to destroy Babylon.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Harvest and threshing metaphors used to depict the arrival of the time of divine judgment.
Supported by JFB
Babylon's sudden surprise during Belshazzar's feast while praising their idols.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the declaration of Babylon's fall and the judgment on her graven images.
Supported by JFB
The literal fulfillment of Babylon's princes sleeping a perpetual sleep on the night of overthrow.
Supported by JFB
Verbatim parallel of the folk laboring in the very fire and wearying themselves for vanity.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Verbatim echo of "and they shall be weary," which concludes the preceding section of Jeremiah's prophecy.