Jeremiah51
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1Thus saith Jehovah: Behold, I will raise up against Babylon, and against them that dwell in Leb-kamai, a destroying wind.
2And I will send unto Babylon strangers, that shall winnow her; and they shall empty her land: for in the day of trouble they shall be against her round about.
3Against him that bendeth let the archer bend his bow, and against him that lifteth himself up in his coat of mail: and spare ye not her young men; destroy ye utterly all her host.
4And they shall fall down slain in the land of the Chaldeans, and thrust through in her streets.
5For Israel is not forsaken, nor Judah, of his God, of Jehovah of hosts; though their land is full of guilt against the Holy One of Israel.
6Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and save every man his life; be not cut off in her iniquity: for it is the time of Jehovah’s vengeance; he will render unto her a recompense.
7Babylon hath been a golden cup in Jehovah’s hand, that made all the earth drunken: the nations have drunk of her wine; therefore the nations are mad.
8Babylon is suddenly fallen and destroyed: wail for her; take balm for her pain, if so be she may be healed.
9We would have healed Babylon, but she is not healed: forsake her, and let us go every one into his own country; for her judgment reacheth unto heaven, and is lifted up even to the skies.
10Jehovah hath brought forth our righteousness: come, and let us declare in Zion the work of Jehovah our God.
11Make sharp the arrows; hold firm the shields: Jehovah hath stirred up the spirit of the kings of the Medes; because his purpose is against Babylon, to destroy it: for it is the vengeance of Jehovah, the vengeance of his temple.
12Set up a standard against the walls of Babylon, make the watch strong, set the watchmen, prepare the ambushes; for Jehovah hath both purposed and done that which he spake concerning the inhabitants of Babylon.
13O thou that dwellest upon many waters, abundant in treasures, thine end is come, the measure of thy covetousness.
14Jehovah of hosts hath sworn by himself, saying, Surely I will fill thee with men, as with the canker-worm; and they shall lift up a shout against thee.
15He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the world by his wisdom, and by his understanding hath he stretched out the heavens.
16When he uttereth his voice, there is a tumult of waters in the heavens, and he causeth the vapors to ascend from the ends of the earth; he maketh lightnings for the rain, and bringeth forth the wind out of his treasuries.
17Every man is become brutish and is without knowledge; every goldsmith is put to shame by his image; for his molten image is falsehood, and there is no breath in them.
18They are vanity, a work of delusion: in the time of their visitation they shall perish.
19The portion of Jacob is not like these; for he is the former of all things; and Israel is the tribe of his inheritance: Jehovah of hosts is his name.
20Thou art my battle-axe and weapons of war: and with thee will I break in pieces the nations; and with thee will I destroy kingdoms;
21and with thee will I break in pieces the horse and his rider;
22and with thee will I break in pieces the chariot and him that rideth therein; and with thee will I break in pieces man and woman; and with thee will I break in pieces the old man and the youth; and with thee will I break in pieces the young man and the virgin;
23and with thee will I break in pieces the shepherd and his flock; and with thee will I break in pieces the husbandman and his yoke of oxen; and with thee will I break in pieces governors and deputies.
24And I will render unto Babylon and to all the inhabitants of Chaldea all their evil that they have done in Zion in your sight, saith Jehovah.
25Behold, I am against thee, O destroying mountain, saith Jehovah, which destroyest all the earth; and I will stretch out my hand upon thee, and roll thee down from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt mountain.
26And they shall not take of thee a stone for a corner, nor a stone for foundations; but thou shalt be desolate for ever, saith Jehovah.
27Set ye up a standard in the land, blow the trumpet among the nations, prepare the nations against her, call together against her the kingdoms of Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz: appoint a marshal against her; cause the horses to come up as the rough canker-worm.
28Prepare against her the nations, the kings of the Medes, the governors thereof, and all the deputies thereof, and all the land of their dominion.
29And the land trembleth and is in pain; for the purposes of Jehovah against Babylon do stand, to make the land of Babylon a desolation, without inhabitant.
30The mighty men of Babylon have forborne to fight, they remain in their strongholds; their might hath failed; they are become as women: her dwelling-places are set on fire; her bars are broken.
31One post shall run to meet another, and one messenger to meet another, to show the king of Babylon that his city is taken on every quarter:
32and the passages are seized, and the reeds they have burned with fire, and the men of war are affrighted.
33For thus saith Jehovah of hosts, the God of Israel: The daughter of Babylon is like a threshing-floor at the time when it is trodden; yet a little while, and the time of harvest shall come for her.
34Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon hath devoured me, he hath crushed me, he hath made me an empty vessel, he hath, like a monster, swallowed me up, he hath filled his maw with my delicacies; he hath cast me out.
35The violence done to me and to my flesh be upon Babylon, shall the inhabitant of Zion say; and, My blood be upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say.
36Therefore thus saith Jehovah: Behold, I will plead thy cause, and take vengeance for thee; and I will dry up her sea, and make her fountain dry.
37And Babylon shall become heaps, a dwelling-place for jackals, an astonishment, and a hissing, without inhabitant.
38They shall roar together like young lions; they shall growl as lions’ whelps.
39When they are heated, I will make their feast, and I will make them drunken, that they may rejoice, and sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, saith Jehovah.
40I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams with he-goats.
41How is Sheshach taken! and the praise of the whole earth seized! how is Babylon become a desolation among the nations!
42The sea is come up upon Babylon; she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof.
43Her cities are become a desolation, a dry land, and a desert, a land wherein no man dwelleth, neither doth any son of man pass thereby.
44And I will execute judgment upon Bel in Babylon, and I will bring forth out of his mouth that which he hath swallowed up; and the nations shall not flow any more unto him: yea, the wall of Babylon shall fall.
45My people, go ye out of the midst of her, and save yourselves every man from the fierce anger of Jehovah.
46And let not your heart faint, neither fear ye for the tidings that shall be heard in the land; for tidings shall come one year, and after that in another year shall come tidings, and violence in the land, ruler against ruler.
47Therefore, behold, the days come, that I will execute judgment upon the graven images of Babylon; and her whole land shall be confounded; and all her slain shall fall in the midst of her.
48Then the heavens and the earth, and all that is therein, shall sing for joy over Babylon; for the destroyers shall come unto her from the north, saith Jehovah.
49As Babylon hath caused the slain of Israel to fall, so at Babylon shall fall the slain of all the land.
50Ye that have escaped the sword, go ye, stand not still; remember Jehovah from afar, and let Jerusalem come into your mind.
51We are confounded, because we have heard reproach; confusion hath covered our faces: for strangers are come into the sanctuaries of Jehovah’s house.
52Wherefore, behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will execute judgment upon her graven images; and through all her land the wounded shall groan.
53Though Babylon should mount up to heaven, and though she should fortify the height of her strength, yet from me shall destroyers come unto her, saith Jehovah.
54The sound of a cry from Babylon, and of great destruction from the land of the Chaldeans!
55For Jehovah layeth Babylon waste, and destroyeth out of her the great voice; and their waves roar like many waters; the noise of their voice is uttered:
56for the destroyer is come upon her, even upon Babylon, and her mighty men are taken, their bows are broken in pieces; for Jehovah is a God of recompenses, he will surely requite.
57And I will make drunk her princes and her wise men, her governors and her deputies, and her mighty men; and they shall sleep a perpetual sleep, and not wake, saith the King, whose name is Jehovah of hosts.
58Thus saith Jehovah of hosts: The broad walls of Babylon shall be utterly overthrown, and her high gates shall be burned with fire; and the peoples shall labor for vanity, and the nations for the fire; and they shall be weary.
59The word which Jeremiah the prophet commanded Seraiah the son of Neriah, the son of Mahseiah, when he went with Zedekiah the king of Judah to Babylon in the fourth year of his reign. Now Seraiah was chief chamberlain.
60And Jeremiah wrote in a book all the evil that should come upon Babylon, even all these words that are written concerning Babylon.
61And Jeremiah said to Seraiah, When thou comest to Babylon, then see that thou read all these words,
62and say, O Jehovah, thou hast spoken concerning this place, to cut it off, that none shall dwell therein, neither man nor beast, but that it shall be desolate for ever.
63And it shall be, when thou hast made an end of reading this book, that thou shalt bind a stone to it, and cast it into the midst of the Euphrates:
64and thou shalt say, Thus shall Babylon sink, and shall not rise again because of the evil that I will bring upon her; and they shall be weary. Thus far are the words of Jeremiah.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 51.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Babylon's doom; God's controversy with her; encouragements from thence to the Israel of God. (1-58). The confirming of this. (59-64).
vv1-58
The particulars of this prophecy are dispersed and interwoven, and the same things left and returned to again. Babylon is abundant in treasures, yet neither her waters nor her wealth shall secure her. Destruction comes when they did not think of it. Wherever we are, in the greatest depths, at the greatest distances, we are to remember the Lord our God; and in the times of the greatest fears and hopes, it is most needful to remember the Lord. The feeling excited by Babylon's fall is the same with the New Testament Babylon, Rev. 18:9,19. The ruin of all who support idolatry, infidelity, and superstition, is needful for the revival of true godliness; and the threatening prophecies of Scripture yield comfort in this view. The great seat of antichristian tyranny, idolatry, and superstition, the persecutor of true Christians, is as certainly doomed to destruction as ancient Babylon. Then will vast multitudes mourn for sin, and seek the Lord. Then will the lost sheep of the house of Israel be brought back to the fold of the good Shepherd, and stray no more. And the exact fulfilment of these ancient prophecies encourages us to faith in all the promises and prophecies of the sacred Scriptures.
vv59-64
This prophecy is sent to Babylon, to the captives there, by Seraiah, who is to read it to his countrymen in captivity. Let them with faith see the end of these threatening powers, and comfort themselves herewith. When we see what this world is, how glittering its shows, and how flattering its proposals, let us read in the book of the Lord that it shall shortly be desolate. The book must be thrown into the river Euphrates. The fall of the New Testament Babylon is thus represented, Rev. 18:21. Those that sink under the weight of God's wrath and curse, sink for ever. Babylon, and every antichrist, will soon sink and rise no more for ever. Let us hope in God's word, and quietly wait for his salvation; then we shall see, but shall not share, the destruction of the wicked.
Key Words
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
הִנֵּה: lo!
עוּר: to wake (literally or figuratively)
רוּחַ: wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions)
שָׁחַת: to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
בָּבֶל: Babel (i.e. Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire
יָשַׁב: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
לִבְנִי: a Libnite or descendants of Libni (collectively)
Cross References
Jeremiah 51Verbatim duplicate of Jeremiah 10:12-16, contrasting God's cosmic power and the Portion of Jacob with futile idols.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
New Testament command to 'come out of her' echoes Jeremiah's call to flee Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
An angel casts a millstone into the sea, mirroring Seraiah throwing the book into Euphrates.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Direct parallel of the golden cup in Babylon's hand making the earth drunken with her impurities.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The exact prophetic exclamation: 'Babylon is fallen, is fallen,' echoed in Isaiah and later Revelation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
John's Apocalypse borrows this exact imagery of Babylon dwelling on many waters to describe mystical Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The final, permanent desolation of Babylon is typologically applied to New Testament mystical Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The historical fulfillment of Babylon's sudden fall during a night of drunken feasting.
Supported by JFB
The drying up of Babylon's protective waters (Euphrates) to prepare the way for her conquerors.
Supported by JFB
The symbolic sinking of the book in Euphrates typifies mystical Babylon's final, irreversible fall.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God using 'fanners' to winnow and scatter a nation like chaff, emptying her land.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The New Testament call to 'Come out of her, my people' echoes this command to flee.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Babylon represented as the 'head of gold,' matching the splendor of the 'golden cup'.
Supported by JFB
Irony of offering medicinal 'balm' for Babylon's terminal, incurable judgment.
Supported by JFB
Identical phrase: 'the vengeance of the Lord... the vengeance of his temple' for Babylon's crimes.
Supported by JFB
The law of retribution (lex talionis) executed upon Babylon for her violence against God's people.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Babylon as a destructive power or mountain influencing the entire earth, echoed in Revelation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The stouthearted sleep their sleep and the mighty men are unable to lift their hands.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies 'Sheshach' as a cryptogram/atbash name for Babylon, matching Jeremiah's earlier usage.
Supported by JFB
Heaven and earth are called to rejoice over the fall of Babylon in both testaments.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the prophetic decree that Babylon will become completely desolate, uninhabited by man or beast.
Another symbolic prophetic action where Jeremiah breaks a bottle to illustrate irreversible destruction.
Historical precedent of God sending a destructive 'blast' or 'wind' to overthrow an empire.
Supported by JFB
Mystical Babylon's sins and judgment reaching directly up to heaven.
Supported by JFB
God bringing forth His people's righteousness, vindicating them openly in Zion.
Supported by JFB
Parallel of Assyria as God's rod/axe, demonstrating how He uses pagan nations as weapons.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God's cosmic judgment in overthrowing the strength of kingdoms, specifically the horses and riders.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The contrasting of a great, proud, opposing mountain with God's sovereign power to level it.
Supported by JFB
Prophecy of the land of the Chaldeans being reduced to perpetual desolations.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explicit naming of the Medes as the instruments stirred up by God to destroy Babylon.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Harvest and threshing metaphors used to depict the arrival of the time of divine judgment.
Supported by JFB
Babylon's sudden surprise during Belshazzar's feast while praising their idols.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the declaration of Babylon's fall and the judgment on her graven images.
Supported by JFB
The literal fulfillment of Babylon's princes sleeping a perpetual sleep on the night of overthrow.
Supported by JFB
Verbatim parallel of the folk laboring in the very fire and wearying themselves for vanity.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Verbatim echo of "and they shall be weary," which concludes the preceding section of Jeremiah's prophecy.