Jeremiah 51NLT
Books
All books

Jeremiah51

New Living Translation

1This is what the Lord says: “I will stir up a destroyer against Babylon and the people of Babylonia.

2Foreigners will come and winnow her, blowing her away as chaff. They will come from every side to rise against her in her day of trouble.

3Don’t let the archers put on their armor or draw their bows. Don’t spare even her best soldiers! Let her army be completely destroyed.

4They will fall dead in the land of the Babylonians, slashed to death in her streets.

5For the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has not abandoned Israel and Judah. He is still their God, even though their land was filled with sin against the Holy One of Israel.”

6Flee from Babylon! Save yourselves! Don’t get trapped in her punishment! It is the Lord’s time for vengeance; he will repay her in full.

7Babylon has been a gold cup in the Lord’s hands, a cup that made the whole earth drunk. The nations drank Babylon’s wine, and it drove them all mad.

8But suddenly Babylon, too, has fallen. Weep for her. Give her medicine. Perhaps she can yet be healed.

9We would have helped her if we could, but nothing can save her now. Let her go; abandon her. Return now to your own land. For her punishment reaches to the heavens; it is so great it cannot be measured.

10The Lord has vindicated us. Come, let us announce in Jerusalem everything the Lord our God has done.

11Sharpen the arrows! Lift up the shields! For the Lord has inspired the kings of the Medes to march against Babylon and destroy her. This is his vengeance against those who desecrated his Temple.

12Raise the battle flag against Babylon! Reinforce the guard and station the watchmen. Prepare an ambush, for the Lord will fulfill all his plans against Babylon.

13You are a city by a great river, a great center of commerce, but your end has come. The thread of your life is cut.

14The Lord of Heaven’s Armies has taken this vow and has sworn to it by his own name: “Your cities will be filled with enemies, like fields swarming with locusts, and they will shout in triumph over you.”

15The Lord made the earth by his power, and he preserves it by his wisdom. With his own understanding he stretched out the heavens.

16When he speaks in the thunder, the heavens roar with rain. He causes the clouds to rise over the earth. He sends the lightning with the rain and releases the wind from his storehouses.

17The whole human race is foolish and has no knowledge! The craftsmen are disgraced by the idols they make, for their carefully shaped works are a fraud. These idols have no breath or power.

18Idols are worthless; they are ridiculous lies! On the day of reckoning they will all be destroyed.

19But the God of Israel is no idol! He is the Creator of everything that exists, including his people, his own special possession. The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is his name!

20“You are my battle-ax and sword,” says the Lord. “With you I will shatter nations and destroy many kingdoms.

21With you I will shatter armies— destroying the horse and rider, the chariot and charioteer.

22With you I will shatter men and women, old people and children, young men and young women.

23With you I will shatter shepherds and flocks, farmers and oxen, captains and officers.

24“I will repay Babylon and the people of Babylonia for all the wrong they have done to my people in Jerusalem,” says the Lord.

25“Look, O mighty mountain, destroyer of the earth! I am your enemy,” says the Lord. “I will raise my fist against you, to knock you down from the heights. When I am finished, you will be nothing but a heap of burnt rubble.

26You will be desolate forever. Even your stones will never again be used for building. You will be completely wiped out,” says the Lord.

27Raise a signal flag to the nations. Sound the battle cry! Mobilize them all against Babylon. Prepare them to fight against her! Bring out the armies of Ararat, Minni, and Ashkenaz. Appoint a commander, and bring a multitude of horses like swarming locusts!

28Bring against her the armies of the nations— led by the kings of the Medes and all their captains and officers.

29The earth trembles and writhes in pain, for everything the Lord has planned against Babylon stands unchanged. Babylon will be left desolate without a single inhabitant.

30Her mightiest warriors no longer fight. They stay in their barracks, their courage gone. They have become like women. The invaders have burned the houses and broken down the city gates.

31The news is passed from one runner to the next as the messengers hurry to tell the king that his city has been captured.

32All the escape routes are blocked. The marshes have been set aflame, and the army is in a panic.

33This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, says: “Babylon is like wheat on a threshing floor, about to be trampled. In just a little while her harvest will begin.”

34“King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon has eaten and crushed us and drained us of strength. He has swallowed us like a great monster and filled his belly with our riches. He has thrown us out of our own country.

35Make Babylon suffer as she made us suffer,” say the people of Zion. “Make the people of Babylonia pay for spilling our blood,” says Jerusalem.

36This is what the Lord says to Jerusalem: “I will be your lawyer to plead your case, and I will avenge you. I will dry up her river, as well as her springs,

37and Babylon will become a heap of ruins, haunted by jackals. She will be an object of horror and contempt, a place where no one lives.

38Her people will roar together like strong lions. They will growl like lion cubs.

39And while they lie inflamed with all their wine, I will prepare a different kind of feast for them. I will make them drink until they fall asleep, and they will never wake up again,” says the Lord.

40“I will bring them down like lambs to the slaughter, like rams and goats to be sacrificed.

41“How Babylon is fallen— great Babylon, praised throughout the earth! Now she has become an object of horror among the nations.

42The sea has risen over Babylon; she is covered by its crashing waves.

43Her cities now lie in ruins; she is a dry wasteland where no one lives or even passes by.

44And I will punish Bel, the god of Babylon, and make him vomit up all he has eaten. The nations will no longer come and worship him. The wall of Babylon has fallen!

45“Come out, my people, flee from Babylon. Save yourselves! Run from the Lord’s fierce anger.

46But do not panic; don’t be afraid when you hear the first rumor of approaching forces. For rumors will keep coming year by year. Violence will erupt in the land as the leaders fight against each other.

47For the time is surely coming when I will punish this great city and all her idols. Her whole land will be disgraced, and her dead will lie in the streets.

48Then the heavens and earth will rejoice, for out of the north will come destroying armies against Babylon,” says the Lord.

49“Just as Babylon killed the people of Israel and others throughout the world, so must her people be killed.

50Get out, all you who have escaped the sword! Do not stand and watch—flee while you can! Remember the Lord, though you are in a far-off land, and think about your home in Jerusalem.”

51“We are ashamed,” the people say. “We are insulted and disgraced because the Lord’s Temple has been defiled by foreigners.”

52“Yes,” says the Lord, “but the time is coming when I will destroy Babylon’s idols. The groans of her wounded people will be heard throughout the land.

53Though Babylon reaches as high as the heavens and makes her fortifications incredibly strong, I will still send enemies to plunder her. I, the Lord, have spoken!

54“Listen! Hear the cry of Babylon, the sound of great destruction from the land of the Babylonians.

55For the Lord is destroying Babylon. He will silence her loud voice. Waves of enemies pound against her; the noise of battle rings through the city.

56Destroying armies come against Babylon. Her mighty men are captured, and their weapons break in their hands. For the Lord is a God who gives just punishment; he always repays in full.

57I will make her officials and wise men drunk, along with her captains, officers, and warriors. They will fall asleep and never wake up again!” says the King, whose name is the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.

58This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says: “The thick walls of Babylon will be leveled to the ground, and her massive gates will be burned. The builders from many lands have worked in vain, for their work will be destroyed by fire!”

59The prophet Jeremiah gave this message to Seraiah son of Neriah and grandson of Mahseiah, a staff officer, when Seraiah went to Babylon with King Zedekiah of Judah. This was during the fourth year of Zedekiah’s reign.

60Jeremiah had recorded on a scroll all the terrible disasters that would soon come upon Babylon—all the words written here.

61He said to Seraiah, “When you get to Babylon, read aloud everything on this scroll.

62Then say, ‘Lord, you have said that you will destroy Babylon so that neither people nor animals will remain here. She will lie empty and abandoned forever.’

63When you have finished reading the scroll, tie it to a stone and throw it into the Euphrates River.

64Then say, ‘In this same way Babylon and her people will sink, never again to rise, because of the disasters I will bring upon her.’” This is the end of Jeremiah’s messages.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 51.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Babylon's doom; God's controversy with her; encouragements from thence to the Israel of God. (1-58). The confirming of this. (59-64).

vv1-58

The particulars of this prophecy are dispersed and interwoven, and the same things left and returned to again. Babylon is abundant in treasures, yet neither her waters nor her wealth shall secure her. Destruction comes when they did not think of it. Wherever we are, in the greatest depths, at the greatest distances, we are to remember the Lord our God; and in the times of the greatest fears and hopes, it is most needful to remember the Lord. The feeling excited by Babylon's fall is the same with the New Testament Babylon, Rev. 18:9,19. The ruin of all who support idolatry, infidelity, and superstition, is needful for the revival of true godliness; and the threatening prophecies of Scripture yield comfort in this view. The great seat of antichristian tyranny, idolatry, and superstition, the persecutor of true Christians, is as certainly doomed to destruction as ancient Babylon. Then will vast multitudes mourn for sin, and seek the Lord. Then will the lost sheep of the house of Israel be brought back to the fold of the good Shepherd, and stray no more. And the exact fulfilment of these ancient prophecies encourages us to faith in all the promises and prophecies of the sacred Scriptures.

vv59-64

This prophecy is sent to Babylon, to the captives there, by Seraiah, who is to read it to his countrymen in captivity. Let them with faith see the end of these threatening powers, and comfort themselves herewith. When we see what this world is, how glittering its shows, and how flattering its proposals, let us read in the book of the Lord that it shall shortly be desolate. The book must be thrown into the river Euphrates. The fall of the New Testament Babylon is thus represented, Rev. 18:21. Those that sink under the weight of God's wrath and curse, sink for ever. Babylon, and every antichrist, will soon sink and rise no more for ever. Let us hope in God's word, and quietly wait for his salvation; then we shall see, but shall not share, the destruction of the wicked.

Cross References

Jeremiah 51

Verbatim duplicate of Jeremiah 10:12-16, contrasting God's cosmic power and the Portion of Jacob with futile idols.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v45Revelation 18:4allusion

New Testament command to 'come out of her' echoes Jeremiah's call to flee Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v63Revelation 18:21typology

An angel casts a millstone into the sea, mirroring Seraiah throwing the book into Euphrates.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v7Revelation 17:4thematic

Direct parallel of the golden cup in Babylon's hand making the earth drunken with her impurities.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Isaiah 21:9thematic

The exact prophetic exclamation: 'Babylon is fallen, is fallen,' echoed in Isaiah and later Revelation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v13Revelation 17:1thematic

John's Apocalypse borrows this exact imagery of Babylon dwelling on many waters to describe mystical Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

The final, permanent desolation of Babylon is typologically applied to New Testament mystical Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v31Daniel 5:30fulfillment

The historical fulfillment of Babylon's sudden fall during a night of drunken feasting.

Supported by JFB

v32Isaiah 44:27fulfillment

The drying up of Babylon's protective waters (Euphrates) to prepare the way for her conquerors.

Supported by JFB

v60Revelation 18:21typology

The symbolic sinking of the book in Euphrates typifies mystical Babylon's final, irreversible fall.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Jeremiah 15:7thematic

God using 'fanners' to winnow and scatter a nation like chaff, emptying her land.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Revelation 18:4thematic

The New Testament call to 'Come out of her, my people' echoes this command to flee.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v7Daniel 2:38thematic

Babylon represented as the 'head of gold,' matching the splendor of the 'golden cup'.

Supported by JFB

v8Jeremiah 8:22thematic

Irony of offering medicinal 'balm' for Babylon's terminal, incurable judgment.

Supported by JFB

v11Jeremiah 50:28thematic

Identical phrase: 'the vengeance of the Lord... the vengeance of his temple' for Babylon's crimes.

Supported by JFB

v24Revelation 18:6typology

The law of retribution (lex talionis) executed upon Babylon for her violence against God's people.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Babylon as a destructive power or mountain influencing the entire earth, echoed in Revelation.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v30Psalms 76:5thematic

The stouthearted sleep their sleep and the mighty men are unable to lift their hands.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v41Jeremiah 25:26thematic

Identifies 'Sheshach' as a cryptogram/atbash name for Babylon, matching Jeremiah's earlier usage.

Supported by JFB

v48Revelation 18:20thematic

Heaven and earth are called to rejoice over the fall of Babylon in both testaments.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v62Isaiah 13:19-22thematic

Parallels the prophetic decree that Babylon will become completely desolate, uninhabited by man or beast.

v63Jeremiah 19:10thematic

Another symbolic prophetic action where Jeremiah breaks a bottle to illustrate irreversible destruction.

v12 Kings 19:7thematic

Historical precedent of God sending a destructive 'blast' or 'wind' to overthrow an empire.

Supported by JFB

v9Revelation 18:5thematic

Mystical Babylon's sins and judgment reaching directly up to heaven.

Supported by JFB

v10Psalms 37:6thematic

God bringing forth His people's righteousness, vindicating them openly in Zion.

Supported by JFB

v20Isaiah 10:5thematic

Parallel of Assyria as God's rod/axe, demonstrating how He uses pagan nations as weapons.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Haggai 2:22thematic

God's cosmic judgment in overthrowing the strength of kingdoms, specifically the horses and riders.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v25Zechariah 4:7thematic

The contrasting of a great, proud, opposing mountain with God's sovereign power to level it.

Supported by JFB

v26Jeremiah 25:12thematic

Prophecy of the land of the Chaldeans being reduced to perpetual desolations.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v28Isaiah 13:17fulfillment

Explicit naming of the Medes as the instruments stirred up by God to destroy Babylon.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v33Joel 3:13thematic

Harvest and threshing metaphors used to depict the arrival of the time of divine judgment.

Supported by JFB

v41Daniel 5:1-3thematic

Babylon's sudden surprise during Belshazzar's feast while praising their idols.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v44Isaiah 21:9thematic

Parallels the declaration of Babylon's fall and the judgment on her graven images.

Supported by JFB

v57Daniel 5:30fulfillment

The literal fulfillment of Babylon's princes sleeping a perpetual sleep on the night of overthrow.

Supported by JFB

v58Habakkuk 2:13quotation

Verbatim parallel of the folk laboring in the very fire and wearying themselves for vanity.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v64Jeremiah 51:58thematic

Verbatim echo of "and they shall be weary," which concludes the preceding section of Jeremiah's prophecy.