Isaiah 10NIV
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Isaiah10

New International Version

1Woe to those who make unjust laws, to those who issue oppressive decrees,

2to deprive the poor of their rights and withhold justice from the oppressed of my people, making widows their prey and robbing the fatherless.

3What will you do on the day of reckoning, when disaster comes from afar? To whom will you run for help? Where will you leave your riches?

4Nothing will remain but to cringe among the captives or fall among the slain. Yet for all this, his anger is not turned away, his hand is still upraised.

5“Woe to the Assyrian, the rod of my anger, in whose hand is the club of my wrath!

6I send him against a godless nation, I dispatch him against a people who anger me, to seize loot and snatch plunder, and to trample them down like mud in the streets.

7But this is not what he intends, this is not what he has in mind; his purpose is to destroy, to put an end to many nations.

8‘Are not my commanders all kings?’ he says.

9‘Has not Kalno fared like Carchemish? Is not Hamath like Arpad, and Samaria like Damascus?

10As my hand seized the kingdoms of the idols, kingdoms whose images excelled those of Jerusalem and Samaria—

11shall I not deal with Jerusalem and her images as I dealt with Samaria and her idols?’”

12When the Lord has finished all his work against Mount Zion and Jerusalem, he will say, “I will punish the king of Assyria for the willful pride of his heart and the haughty look in his eyes.

13For he says: “‘By the strength of my hand I have done this, and by my wisdom, because I have understanding. I removed the boundaries of nations, I plundered their treasures; like a mighty one I subdued their kings.

14As one reaches into a nest, so my hand reached for the wealth of the nations; as people gather abandoned eggs, so I gathered all the countries; not one flapped a wing, or opened its mouth to chirp.’”

15Does the ax raise itself above the person who swings it, or the saw boast against the one who uses it? As if a rod were to wield the person who lifts it up, or a club brandish the one who is not wood!

16Therefore, the Lord, the Lord Almighty, will send a wasting disease upon his sturdy warriors; under his pomp a fire will be kindled like a blazing flame.

17The Light of Israel will become a fire, their Holy One a flame; in a single day it will burn and consume his thorns and his briers.

18The splendor of his forests and fertile fields it will completely destroy, as when a sick person wastes away.

19And the remaining trees of his forests will be so few that a child could write them down.

20In that day the remnant of Israel, the survivors of Jacob, will no longer rely on him who struck them down but will truly rely on the Lord, the Holy One of Israel.

21A remnant will return, a remnant of Jacob will return to the Mighty God.

22Though your people be like the sand by the sea, Israel, only a remnant will return. Destruction has been decreed, overwhelming and righteous.

23The Lord, the Lord Almighty, will carry out the destruction decreed upon the whole land.

24Therefore this is what the Lord, the Lord Almighty, says: “My people who live in Zion, do not be afraid of the Assyrians, who beat you with a rod and lift up a club against you, as Egypt did.

25Very soon my anger against you will end and my wrath will be directed to their destruction.”

26The Lord Almighty will lash them with a whip, as when he struck down Midian at the rock of Oreb; and he will raise his staff over the waters, as he did in Egypt.

27In that day their burden will be lifted from your shoulders, their yoke from your neck; the yoke will be broken because you have grown so fat.

28They enter Aiath; they pass through Migron; they store supplies at Mikmash.

29They go over the pass, and say, “We will camp overnight at Geba.” Ramah trembles; Gibeah of Saul flees.

30Cry out, Daughter Gallim! Listen, Laishah! Poor Anathoth!

31Madmenah is in flight; the people of Gebim take cover.

32This day they will halt at Nob; they will shake their fist at the mount of Daughter Zion, at the hill of Jerusalem.

33See, the Lord, the Lord Almighty, will lop off the boughs with great power. The lofty trees will be felled, the tall ones will be brought low.

34He will cut down the forest thickets with an ax; Lebanon will fall before the Mighty One.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 10.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Woes against proud oppressors. (1-4). The Assyrian but an instrument in the hand of God for the punishment of his people. (5-19). The deliverance from him. (20-34).

vv1-4

These verses are to be joined with the foregoing chapter. Woe to the superior powers that devise and decree unrighteous decrees! And woe to the inferior officers that draw them up, and enter them on record! But what will sinners do? Whither will they flee?

vv5-19

See what a change sin made. The king of Assyria, in his pride, thought to act by his own will. The tyrants of the world are tools of Providence. God designs to correct his people for their hypocrisy, and bring them nearer to him; but is that Sennacherib's design? No; he designs to gratify his own covetousness and ambition. The Assyrian boasts what great things he has done to other nations, by his own policy and power. He knows not that it is God who makes him what he is, and puts the staff into his hand. He had done all this with ease; none moved the wing, or cried as birds do when their nests are rifled. Because he conquered Samaria, he thinks Jerusalem would fall of course. It was lamentable that Jerusalem should have set up graven images, and we cannot wonder that she was excelled in them by the heathen. But is it not equally foolish for Christians to emulate the people of the world in vanities, instead of keeping to things which are their special honour? For a tool to boast, or to strive against him that formed it, would not be more out of the way, than for Sennacherib to vaunt himself against Jehovah. When God brings his people into trouble, it is to bring sin to their remembrance, and humble them, and to awaken them to a sense of their duty; this must be the fruit, even the taking away of sin. When these points are gained by the affliction, it shall be removed in mercy. This attempt upon Zion and Jerusalem should come to nothing. God will be as a fire to consume the workers of iniquity, both soul and body. The desolation should be as when a standard-bearer fainteth, and those who follow are put to confusion. Who is able to stand before this great and holy Lord God?

vv20-34

By our afflictions we may learn not to make creatures our confidence. Those only can with comfort stay upon God, who return to him in truth, not in pretence and profession only. God will justly bring this wasting away on a provoking people, but will graciously set bounds to it. It is against the mind and will of God, that his people, whatever happens, should give way to fear. God's anger against his people is but for a moment; and when that is turned from us, we need not fear the fury of man. The rod with which he corrected his people, shall not only be laid aside, but thrown into the fire. To encourage God's people, the prophet puts them in mind of what God had formerly done against the enemies of his church. God's people shall be delivered from the Assyrians. Some think it looks to the deliverance of the Jews out of their captivity; and further yet, to the redemption of believers from the tyranny of sin and Satan. And this, "because of the anointing;" for his people Israel's sake, the believers among them that had received the unction of Divine grace. And for the sake of the Messiah, the Anointed of God. Here is, 28-34, a prophetical description of Sennacherib's march towards Jerusalem, when he threatened to destroy that city. Then the Lord, in whom Hezekiah trusted, cut down his army like the hewing of a forest. Let us apply what is here written, to like matters in other ages of the church of Christ. Because of the anointing of our great Redeemer, the yoke of every antichrist must be broken from off his church: and if our souls partake of the unction of the Holy Spirit, complete and eternal deliverances will be secured to us.

Cross References

Isaiah 10
v22Romans 9:27-29quotation

Paul explicitly quotes this passage to explain the doctrine of the remnant of Israel saved by grace.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v21Isaiah 9:6allusion

The title "mighty God" (El Gibbor) links the returning remnant to the Messiah named in Isaiah 9:6.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v13Isaiah 37:24thematic

Parallel boasting of Sennacherib ascribing his conquest of nations and forests to his own hand.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Isaiah 45:9thematic

Parallels the absurdity of the tool (axe/saw) boasting against the sovereign Creator who wields it.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v16Isaiah 37:36-38fulfillment

Historical fulfillment where God's angel destroys the Assyrian army, sending leanness and consumption.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v7Genesis 50:20thematic

Classic expression of divine sovereignty overruling human evil: "he meaneth not so, but God meant it."

Supported by JFB

v9Amos 6:2thematic

Lists the same conquered cities (Calneh, Hamath, Gath) as examples of fallen regional powers.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Isaiah 36:19thematic

The historical boast of Rabshakeh asking where the gods of Hamath, Arpad, and Samaria are.

Supported by JFB

v27Luke 4:18typology

The yoke broken "because of the anointing" pointing typologically to Christ the Anointed Deliverer.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Isaiah 1:23thematic

Verbal echo addressing corrupt rulers who oppress widows and fatherless children.

Supported by JFB

v7Micah 4:12thematic

The heathen gather to destroy, but they know not the thoughts of the Lord.

Supported by JFB

v15Isaiah 10:5thematic

Self-reference: the rod and staff imagery matches the description of the Assyrian in verse 5.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v21Isaiah 7:3allusion

The name of Isaiah's son, Shear-jashub, literally means "a remnant shall return."

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v22Daniel 9:27thematic

The decreed consumption (destruction) corresponds to the prophetic desolation outlined in Daniel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v27Acts 4:27fulfillment

The ultimate fulfillment of the breaking of the enemy's yoke through God's holy child Jesus.

Supported by Matthew Henry