Isaiah 9NIV
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Isaiah9

New International Version

1Nevertheless, there will be no more gloom for those who were in distress. In the past he humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future he will honor Galilee of the nations, by the Way of the Sea, beyond the Jordan—

2The people walking in darkness have seen a great light; on those living in the land of deep darkness a light has dawned.

3You have enlarged the nation and increased their joy; they rejoice before you as people rejoice at the harvest, as warriors rejoice when dividing the plunder.

4For as in the day of Midian’s defeat, you have shattered the yoke that burdens them, the bar across their shoulders, the rod of their oppressor.

5Every warrior’s boot used in battle and every garment rolled in blood will be destined for burning, will be fuel for the fire.

6For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

7Of the greatness of his government and peace there will be no end. He will reign on David’s throne and over his kingdom, establishing and upholding it with justice and righteousness from that time on and forever. The zeal of the Lord Almighty will accomplish this.

8The Lord has sent a message against Jacob; it will fall on Israel.

9All the people will know it— Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria— who say with pride and arrogance of heart,

10“The bricks have fallen down, but we will rebuild with dressed stone; the fig trees have been felled, but we will replace them with cedars.”

11But the Lord has strengthened Rezin’s foes against them and has spurred their enemies on.

12Arameans from the east and Philistines from the west have devoured Israel with open mouth. Yet for all this, his anger is not turned away, his hand is still upraised.

13But the people have not returned to him who struck them, nor have they sought the Lord Almighty.

14So the Lord will cut off from Israel both head and tail, both palm branch and reed in a single day;

15the elders and dignitaries are the head, the prophets who teach lies are the tail.

16Those who guide this people mislead them, and those who are guided are led astray.

17Therefore the Lord will take no pleasure in the young men, nor will he pity the fatherless and widows, for everyone is ungodly and wicked, every mouth speaks folly. Yet for all this, his anger is not turned away, his hand is still upraised.

18Surely wickedness burns like a fire; it consumes briers and thorns, it sets the forest thickets ablaze, so that it rolls upward in a column of smoke.

19By the wrath of the Lord Almighty the land will be scorched and the people will be fuel for the fire; they will not spare one another.

20On the right they will devour, but still be hungry; on the left they will eat, but not be satisfied. Each will feed on the flesh of their own offspring:

21Manasseh will feed on Ephraim, and Ephraim on Manasseh; together they will turn against Judah. Yet for all this, his anger is not turned away, his hand is still upraised.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 9.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Son that should be born, and his kingdom. (1-7). The judgments to come upon Israel, and on the enemies of the kingdom of Christ. (8-21).

vv1-7

The Syrians and Assyrians first ravaged the countries here mentioned, and that region was first favoured by the preaching of Christ. Those that want the gospel, walk in darkness, and in the utmost danger. But when the gospel comes to any place, to any soul, light comes. Let us earnestly pray that it may shine into our hearts, and make us wise unto salvation. The gospel brings joy with it. Those who would have joy, must expect to go through hard work, as the husbandman, before he has the joy of harvest; and hard conflict, as the soldier, before he divides the spoil. The Jews were delivered from the yoke of many oppressors; this was a shadow of the believer's deliverance from the yoke of Satan. The cleansing the souls of believers from the power and pollution of sin, would be by the influence of the Holy Spirit, as purifying fire. These great things for the church, shall be done by the Messiah, Emmanuel. The Child is born; it was certain; and the church, before Christ came in the flesh, benefitted by his undertaking. It is a prophecy of him and of his kingdom, which those that waited for the Consolation of Israel read with pleasure. This Child was born for the benefit of us men, of us sinners, of all believers, from the beginning to the end of the world. Justly is he called Wonderful, for he is both God and man. His love is the wonder of angels and glorified saints. He is the Counsellor, for he knew the counsels of God from eternity; and he gives counsel to men, in which he consults our welfare. He is the Wonderful Counsellor; none teaches like him. He is God, the mighty One. Such is the work of the Mediator, that no less power than that of the mighty God could bring it to pass. He is God, one with the Father. As the Prince of Peace, he reconciles us to God; he is the Giver of peace in the heart and conscience; and when his kingdom is fully established, men shall learn war no more. The government shall be upon him; he shall bear the burden of it. Glorious things are spoken of Christ's government. There is no end to the increase of its peace, for the happiness of its subjects shall last for ever. The exact agreement of this prophecy with the doctrine of the New Testament, shows that Jewish prophets and Christian teachers had the same view of the person and salvation of the Messiah. To what earthly king or kingdom can these words apply? Give then, O Lord, to thy people to know thee by every endearing name, and in every glorious character. Give increase of grace in every heart of thy redeemed upon earth.

vv8-21

Those are ripening apace for ruin, whose hearts are unhumbled under humbling providences. For that which God designs, in smiting us, is, to turn us to himself; and if this point be not gained by lesser judgments, greater may be expected. The leaders of the people misled them. We have reason to be afraid of those that speak well of us, when we do ill. Wickedness was universal, all were infected with it. They shall be in trouble, and see no way out; and when men's ways displease the Lord, he makes even their friends to be at war with them. God would take away those they thought to have help from. Their rulers were the head. Their false prophets were the tail and the rush, the most despicable. In these civil contests, men preyed on near relations who were as their own flesh. The people turn not to Him who smites them, therefore he continues to smite: for when God judges, he will overcome; and the proudest, stoutest sinner shall either bend or break.

Cross References

Isaiah 9
v2Matthew 4:16fulfillment

Explicitly cited in Matthew 4:14-16 as the fulfillment of Christ's light appearing in Galilee.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Judges 7:2typology

The 'day of Midian' refers to Gideon's miraculous victory with a small band over vast hosts.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v72 Samuel 7:16thematic

Establishes the covenant with David regarding an eternal kingdom and throne, fulfilled in Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v7Luke 1:32fulfillment

Directly links Christ to the throne of His father David and an endless kingdom.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v12 Kings 15:29thematic

Historical record of Tiglath-pileser's invasion of Zebulun and Naphtali (the first light affliction).

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12 Kings 17:6thematic

Historical record of the subsequent grievous affliction when Shalmaneser carried Israel into exile.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Isaiah 7:14thematic

Parallels the birth of the child (Immanuel) as the sign of God's presence and deliverance.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v1Isaiah 8:22thematic

The immediate context of darkness and dimness from which chapter 9 transitions to light.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Explicates Christ's work as the 'Prince of Peace' reconciling Jew and Gentile to God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Micah 5:2thematic

Another Messianic prophecy contrasting a humble ruler's origin with eternal ruler status.

Supported by JFB

v12Isaiah 10:4thematic

Repeats the exact refrain of judgment: 'For all this his anger is not turned away...'

Supported by Matthew Poole

v16Matthew 15:14thematic

Illustrates how blind leaders and those led by them fall into destruction together.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1John 7:52thematic

Demonstrates the historical Jewish contempt for Galilee, explaining why its light was unexpected.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Jeremiah 23:6thematic

Messianic title parallel where the coming branch of David is called 'The Lord Our Righteousness'.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v101 Kings 10:27thematic

Textual parallel showing sycomores and cedars as contrasting values in Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole