Isaiah9
New American Standard
1But there will be no more gloom for her who was in anguish. In earlier times He treated the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali with contempt, but later on He will make it glorious, by the way of the sea, on the other side of the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles.
2The people who walk in darkness Will see a great light; Those who live in a dark land, The light will shine on them.
3You will multiply the nation, You will increase their joy; They will rejoice in Your presence As with the joy of harvest, As people rejoice when they divide the spoils.
4For You will break the yoke of their burden and the staff on their shoulders, The rod of their oppressor, as at the battle of Midian.
5For every boot of the marching warrior in the roar of battle, And cloak rolled in blood, will be for burning, fuel for the fire.
6For a Child will be born to us, a Son will be given to us; And the government will rest on His shoulders; And His name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace.
7There will be no end to the increase of His government or of peace On the throne of David and over his kingdom, To establish it and to uphold it with justice and righteousness From then on and forevermore. The zeal of the Lord of armies will accomplish this.
8The Lord sends a message against Jacob, And it falls on Israel.
9And all the people know it, That is, Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria, Asserting in pride and in arrogance of heart:
10“The bricks have fallen down, But we will rebuild with smooth stones; The sycamores have been cut down, But we will replace them with cedars.”
11Therefore the Lord raises superior adversaries against them from Rezin And provokes their enemies,
12The Arameans from the east and the Philistines from the west; And they devour Israel with gaping jaws. In spite of all this, His anger does not turn away, And His hand is still stretched out.
13Yet the people do not turn back to Him who struck them, Nor do they seek the Lord of armies.
14So the Lord cuts off head and tail from Israel, Both palm branch and bulrush in a single day.
15The head is the elder and esteemed man, And the prophet who teaches falsehood is the tail.
16For those who guide this people are leading them astray; And those who are guided by them are confused.
17Therefore the Lord does not rejoice over their young men, Nor does He have compassion on their orphans or their widows; For every one of them is godless and an evildoer, And every mouth is speaking foolishness. In spite of all this, His anger does not turn away, And His hand is still stretched out.
18For wickedness burns like a fire; It consumes briars and thorns; It also sets the thickets of the forest aflame And they roll upward in a column of smoke.
19By the wrath of the Lord of armies the land is burned, And the people are like fuel for the fire; No one spares his brother.
20They devour what is on the right hand but are still hungry, And they eat what is on the left hand, but they are not satisfied; Each of them eats the flesh of his own arm.
21Manasseh devours Ephraim, and Ephraim Manasseh, And together they are against Judah. In spite of all this, His anger does not turn away And His hand is still stretched out.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 9.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Son that should be born, and his kingdom. (1-7). The judgments to come upon Israel, and on the enemies of the kingdom of Christ. (8-21).
vv1-7
The Syrians and Assyrians first ravaged the countries here mentioned, and that region was first favoured by the preaching of Christ. Those that want the gospel, walk in darkness, and in the utmost danger. But when the gospel comes to any place, to any soul, light comes. Let us earnestly pray that it may shine into our hearts, and make us wise unto salvation. The gospel brings joy with it. Those who would have joy, must expect to go through hard work, as the husbandman, before he has the joy of harvest; and hard conflict, as the soldier, before he divides the spoil. The Jews were delivered from the yoke of many oppressors; this was a shadow of the believer's deliverance from the yoke of Satan. The cleansing the souls of believers from the power and pollution of sin, would be by the influence of the Holy Spirit, as purifying fire. These great things for the church, shall be done by the Messiah, Emmanuel. The Child is born; it was certain; and the church, before Christ came in the flesh, benefitted by his undertaking. It is a prophecy of him and of his kingdom, which those that waited for the Consolation of Israel read with pleasure. This Child was born for the benefit of us men, of us sinners, of all believers, from the beginning to the end of the world. Justly is he called Wonderful, for he is both God and man. His love is the wonder of angels and glorified saints. He is the Counsellor, for he knew the counsels of God from eternity; and he gives counsel to men, in which he consults our welfare. He is the Wonderful Counsellor; none teaches like him. He is God, the mighty One. Such is the work of the Mediator, that no less power than that of the mighty God could bring it to pass. He is God, one with the Father. As the Prince of Peace, he reconciles us to God; he is the Giver of peace in the heart and conscience; and when his kingdom is fully established, men shall learn war no more. The government shall be upon him; he shall bear the burden of it. Glorious things are spoken of Christ's government. There is no end to the increase of its peace, for the happiness of its subjects shall last for ever. The exact agreement of this prophecy with the doctrine of the New Testament, shows that Jewish prophets and Christian teachers had the same view of the person and salvation of the Messiah. To what earthly king or kingdom can these words apply? Give then, O Lord, to thy people to know thee by every endearing name, and in every glorious character. Give increase of grace in every heart of thy redeemed upon earth.
vv8-21
Those are ripening apace for ruin, whose hearts are unhumbled under humbling providences. For that which God designs, in smiting us, is, to turn us to himself; and if this point be not gained by lesser judgments, greater may be expected. The leaders of the people misled them. We have reason to be afraid of those that speak well of us, when we do ill. Wickedness was universal, all were infected with it. They shall be in trouble, and see no way out; and when men's ways displease the Lord, he makes even their friends to be at war with them. God would take away those they thought to have help from. Their rulers were the head. Their false prophets were the tail and the rush, the most despicable. In these civil contests, men preyed on near relations who were as their own flesh. The people turn not to Him who smites them, therefore he continues to smite: for when God judges, he will overcome; and the proudest, stoutest sinner shall either bend or break.
Key Words
לַהַד: Lahad, an Israelite
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
מוּעָף: properly, covered, i.e. dark; abstractly, obscurity, i.e. distress
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
מוּצַק: narrowness; figuratively, distress
רִאשׁוֹן: first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
קָלַל: to be (causatively, make) light, literally (swift, small, sharp, etc.) or figuratively (easy, trifling, vile, etc.)
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
זְבוּלוּן: Zebulon, a son of Jacob; also his territory and tribe
Cross References
Isaiah 9Explicitly cited in Matthew 4:14-16 as the fulfillment of Christ's light appearing in Galilee.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The 'day of Midian' refers to Gideon's miraculous victory with a small band over vast hosts.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Establishes the covenant with David regarding an eternal kingdom and throne, fulfilled in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Directly links Christ to the throne of His father David and an endless kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Historical record of Tiglath-pileser's invasion of Zebulun and Naphtali (the first light affliction).
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical record of the subsequent grievous affliction when Shalmaneser carried Israel into exile.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the birth of the child (Immanuel) as the sign of God's presence and deliverance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The immediate context of darkness and dimness from which chapter 9 transitions to light.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explicates Christ's work as the 'Prince of Peace' reconciling Jew and Gentile to God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Another Messianic prophecy contrasting a humble ruler's origin with eternal ruler status.
Supported by JFB
Repeats the exact refrain of judgment: 'For all this his anger is not turned away...'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates how blind leaders and those led by them fall into destruction together.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Demonstrates the historical Jewish contempt for Galilee, explaining why its light was unexpected.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Messianic title parallel where the coming branch of David is called 'The Lord Our Righteousness'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Textual parallel showing sycomores and cedars as contrasting values in Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole