Isaiah13
New King James Version
1The burden against Babylon which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw.
2“Lift up a banner on the high mountain, Raise your voice to them; Wave your hand, that they may enter the gates of the nobles.
3I have commanded My sanctified ones; I have also called My mighty ones for My anger— Those who rejoice in My exaltation.”
4The noise of a multitude in the mountains, Like that of many people! A tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together! The Lord of hosts musters The army for battle.
5They come from a far country, From the end of heaven— The Lord and His weapons of indignation, To destroy the whole land.
6Wail, for the day of the Lord is at hand! It will come as destruction from the Almighty.
7Therefore all hands will be limp, Every man’s heart will melt,
8And they will be afraid. Pangs and sorrows will take hold of them; They will be in pain as a woman in childbirth; They will be amazed at one another; Their faces will be like flames.
9Behold, the day of the Lord comes, Cruel, with both wrath and fierce anger, To lay the land desolate; And He will destroy its sinners from it.
10For the stars of heaven and their constellations Will not give their light; The sun will be darkened in its going forth, And the moon will not cause its light to shine.
11“I will punish the world for its evil, And the wicked for their iniquity; I will halt the arrogance of the proud, And will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.
12I will make a mortal more rare than fine gold, A man more than the golden wedge of Ophir.
13Therefore I will shake the heavens, And the earth will move out of her place, In the wrath of the Lord of hosts And in the day of His fierce anger.
14It shall be as the hunted gazelle, And as a sheep that no man takes up; Every man will turn to his own people, And everyone will flee to his own land.
15Everyone who is found will be thrust through, And everyone who is captured will fall by the sword.
16Their children also will be dashed to pieces before their eyes; Their houses will be plundered And their wives ravished.
17“Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them, Who will not regard silver; And as for gold, they will not delight in it.
18Also their bows will dash the young men to pieces, And they will have no pity on the fruit of the womb; Their eye will not spare children.
19And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms, The beauty of the Chaldeans’ pride, Will be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah.
20It will never be inhabited, Nor will it be settled from generation to generation; Nor will the Arabian pitch tents there, Nor will the shepherds make their sheepfolds there.
21But wild beasts of the desert will lie there, And their houses will be full of owls; Ostriches will dwell there, And wild goats will caper there.
22The hyenas will howl in their citadels, And jackals in their pleasant palaces. Her time is near to come, And her days will not be prolonged.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 13.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The armies of God's wrath. (1-5). The conquest of Babylon. (6-18). Its final desolation. (19-22).
vv1-5
The threatenings of God's word press heavily upon the wicked, and are a sore burden, too heavy for them to bear. The persons brought together to lay Babylon waste, are called God's sanctified or appointed ones; designed for this service, and made able to do it. They are called God's mighty ones, because they had their might from God, and were now to use it for him. They come from afar. God can make those a scourge and ruin to his enemies, who are farthest off, and therefore least dreaded.
vv6-18
We have here the terrible desolation of Babylon by the Medes and Persians. Those who in the day of their peace were proud, and haughty, and terrible, are quite dispirited when trouble comes. Their faces shall be scorched with the flame. All comfort and hope shall fail. The stars of heaven shall not give their light, the sun shall be darkened. Such expressions are often employed by the prophets, to describe the convulsions of governments. God will visit them for their iniquity, particularly the sin of pride, which brings men low. There shall be a general scene of horror. Those who join themselves to Babylon, must expect to share her plagues, Rev. 18:4. All that men have, they would give for their lives, but no man's riches shall be the ransom of his life. Pause here and wonder that men should be thus cruel and inhuman, and see how corrupt the nature of man is become. And that little infants thus suffer, which shows that there is an original guilt, by which life is forfeited as soon as it is begun. The day of the Lord will, indeed, be terrible with wrath and fierce anger, far beyond all here stated. Nor will there be any place for the sinner to flee to, or attempt an escape. But few act as though they believed these things.
vv19-22
Babylon was a noble city; yet it should be wholly destroyed. None shall dwell there. It shall be a haunt for wild beasts. All this is fulfilled. The fate of this proud city is a proof of the truth of the Bible, and an emblem of the approaching ruin of the New Testament Babylon; a warning to sinners to flee from the wrath to come, and it encourages believers to expect victory over every enemy of their souls, and of the church of God. The whole world changes and is liable to decay. Wherefore let us give diligence to obtain a kingdom which cannot be moved; and in this hope let us hold fast that grace whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear.
Key Words
מַשָּׂא: a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly adoom, especially singing; mental, desire
בָּבֶל: Babel (i.e. Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
יְשַׁעְיָה: Jeshajah, the name of seven Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אָמוֹץ: Amots, an Israelite
חָזָה: to gaze at; mentally to perceive, contemplate (with pleasure); specifically, to have avision of
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
שָׁפָה: to abrade, i.e. bare
הַר: a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
Cross References
Isaiah 13Jesus uses the same celestial/cosmic collapse imagery for His final coming as Isa 13 uses for Babylon.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the comparison of Babylon's destruction to Sodom and Gomorrah and the description of cruel conquerors.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of Babylon's sudden fear and defeat on the night of Belshazzar's feast.
Supported by JFB
Uses the identical metaphor of labor pains coming suddenly upon those expecting peace.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic parallel of the darkening of the sun and moon in the day of the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The final desolation of mystical Babylon as a haunt of unclean spirits and doleful creatures.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Isaiah's parallel banner-raising/hissing imagery used to summon distant nations for divine judgment.
Supported by JFB
The Hebrew for preparation of war is 'sanctify' war, matching God's 'sanctified ones' for judgment.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel describing the king of Babylon's hands growing feeble and pain taking hold.
Supported by JFB
Explicitly names the Medes as the instruments stirred up by God to destroy Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The ultimate archetype of complete, irreversible desolation by divine judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Establishes foreign conquerors as merely the 'rod' and 'weapons' of God's indignation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the melting of hearts and faces gathering blackness/flames under terror.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic description of the heavens shaking, and stars and sun withdrawing their shining.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates the unsparing nature of the Medes who will not regard any silver or gold ransom.
Supported by Matthew Poole