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Lamentations3

World English Bible · Public Domain

1I am the man who has seen affliction by the rod of his wrath.

2He has led me and caused me to walk in darkness, and not in light.

3Surely he turns his hand against me again and again all day long.

4He has made my flesh and my skin old. He has broken my bones.

5He has built against me, and surrounded me with bitterness and hardship.

6He has made me dwell in dark places, as those who have been long dead.

7He has walled me about, so that I can’t go out. He has made my chain heavy.

8Yes, when I cry, and call for help, he shuts out my prayer.

9He has walled up my ways with cut stone. He has made my paths crooked.

10He is to me as a bear lying in wait, as a lion in hiding.

11He has turned away my path, and pulled me in pieces. He has made me desolate.

12He has bent his bow, and set me as a mark for the arrow.

13He has caused the shafts of his quiver to enter into my kidneys.

14I have become a derision to all my people, and their song all day long.

15He has filled me with bitterness. He has stuffed me with wormwood.

16He has also broken my teeth with gravel. He has covered me with ashes.

17You have removed my soul far away from peace. I forgot prosperity.

18I said, “My strength has perished, along with my expectation from Yahweh.”

19Remember my affliction and my misery, the wormwood and the bitterness.

20My soul still remembers them, and is bowed down within me.

21This I recall to my mind; therefore I have hope.

22It is because of Yahweh’s loving kindnesses that we are not consumed, because his mercies don’t fail.

23They are new every morning. Great is your faithfulness.

24“Yahweh is my portion,” says my soul. “Therefore I will hope in him.”

25Yahweh is good to those who wait for him, to the soul who seeks him.

26It is good that a man should hope and quietly wait for the salvation of Yahweh.

27It is good for a man that he bear the yoke in his youth.

28Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he has laid it on him.

29Let him put his mouth in the dust, if it is so that there may be hope.

30Let him give his cheek to him who strikes him. Let him be filled full of reproach.

31For the Lord will not cast off forever.

32For though he causes grief, yet he will have compassion according to the multitude of his loving kindnesses.

33For he does not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men.

34To crush under foot all the prisoners of the earth,

35to turn away the right of a man before the face of the Most High,

36to subvert a man in his cause, the Lord doesn’t approve.

37Who is he who says, and it comes to pass, when the Lord doesn’t command it?

38Doesn’t evil and good come out of the mouth of the Most High?

39Why should a living man complain, a man for the punishment of his sins?

40Let us search and try our ways, and turn again to Yahweh.

41Let’s lift up our heart with our hands to God in the heavens.

42“We have transgressed and have rebelled. You have not pardoned.

43“You have covered us with anger and pursued us. You have killed. You have not pitied.

44You have covered yourself with a cloud, so that no prayer can pass through.

45You have made us an off-scouring and refuse in the middle of the peoples.

46“All our enemies have opened their mouth wide against us.

47Terror and the pit have come on us, devastation and destruction.”

48My eye runs down with streams of water, for the destruction of the daughter of my people.

49My eye pours down and doesn’t cease, without any intermission,

50until Yahweh looks down, and sees from heaven.

51My eye affects my soul, because of all the daughters of my city.

52They have chased me relentlessly like a bird, those who are my enemies without cause.

53They have cut off my life in the dungeon, and have cast a stone on me.

54Waters flowed over my head. I said, “I am cut off.”

55I called on your name, Yahweh, out of the lowest dungeon.

56You heard my voice: “Don’t hide your ear from my sighing, and my cry.”

57You came near in the day that I called on you. You said, “Don’t be afraid.”

58Lord, you have pleaded the causes of my soul. You have redeemed my life.

59Yahweh, you have seen my wrong. Judge my cause.

60You have seen all their vengeance and all their plans against me.

61You have heard their reproach, Yahweh, and all their plans against me,

62the lips of those that rose up against me, and their plots against me all day long.

63You see their sitting down and their rising up. I am their song.

64You will pay them back, Yahweh, according to the work of their hands.

65You will give them hardness of heart, your curse to them.

66You will pursue them in anger, and destroy them from under the heavens of Yahweh.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Lamentations 3.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The faithful lament their calamities, and hope in God's mercies. (1-41).

vv1-20

The prophet relates the more gloomy and discouraging part of his experience, and how he found support and relief. In the time of his trial the Lord had become terrible to him. It was an affliction that was misery itself; for sin makes the cup of affliction a bitter cup. The struggle between unbelief and faith is often very severe. But the weakest believer is wrong, if he thinks that his strength and hope are perished from the Lord.

vv21-36

Having stated his distress and temptation, the prophet shows how he was raised above it. Bad as things are, it is owing to the mercy of God that they are not worse. We should observe what makes for us, as well as what is against us. God's compassions fail not; of this we have fresh instances every morning. Portions on earth are perishing things, but God is a portion for ever. It is our duty, and will be our comfort and satisfaction, to hope and quietly to wait for the salvation of the Lord. Afflictions do and will work very much for good: many have found it good to bear this yoke in their youth; it has made many humble and serious, and has weaned them from the world, who otherwise would have been proud and unruly. If tribulation work patience, that patience will work experience, and that experience a hope that makes not ashamed. Due thoughts of the evil of sin, and of our own sinfulness, will convince us that it is of the Lord's mercies we are not consumed. If we cannot say with unwavering voice, The Lord is my portion; may we not say, I desire to have Him for my portion and salvation, and in his word do I hope? Happy shall we be, if we learn to receive affliction as laid upon us by the hand of God.

vv37-41

While there is life there is hope; and instead of complaining that things are bad, we should encourage ourselves with the hope they will be better. We are sinful men, and what we complain of, is far less than our sins deserve. We should complain to God, and not of him. We are apt, in times of calamity, to reflect on other people's ways, and blame them; but our duty is to search and try our own ways, that we may turn from evil to God. Our hearts must go with our prayers. If inward impressions do not answer to outward expressions, we mock God, and deceive ourselves.

Cross References

Lamentations 3
v15Jeremiah 9:15thematic

Jeremiah's prophesied doom of feeding this people wormwood and gall is here realized in experience.

Supported by JFB

v30Isaiah 50:6typology

Messiah, the ultimate antitype, literally gave His cheek to be smitten in fulfillment of this pattern.

Supported by JFB

v53Jeremiah 38:6typology

Jeremiah's literal imprisonment in the miry dungeon of Malchiah prefigures his and Israel's affliction.

Supported by JFB

v6Psalms 143:3allusion

Direct verbal parallel: 'set me in dark places, as those that have been long dead.'

Supported by JFB

v7Hosea 2:6thematic

God hedges up the way with thorns or stone so that the path cannot be found.

Supported by JFB

v8Job 30:20thematic

The agony of crying out to God and being met with silence and shut-out prayers.

Supported by JFB

v24Numbers 18:20allusion

Reflects the levitical promise that the Lord Himself is the believer's portion and inheritance.

Supported by JFB

v24Psalms 73:26thematic

Echoes the confession that though flesh and heart fail, God is the portion of the soul forever.

Supported by JFB

v27Matthew 11:29thematic

Christ's invitation to take His easy yoke is the spiritual antidote to bearing disciplinary grief.

Supported by JFB

v44Lamentations 3:8thematic

Verbal echo within the chapter on God shutting out prayers and covering Himself from supplication.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v44Job 30:20thematic

Job's parallel complaint of crying out to God but being shut out or ignored.

Supported by JFB

v46Psalms 22:6-8typology

Enemies opening their mouths in derision; a typological link connecting Jeremiah's suffering to Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v63Job 30:9thematic

Job describes himself as their song, matching 'I am their musick' in Lam 3:63.

Supported by JFB

Direct internal echo within the chapter; the speaker laments being a derisive song to the people.

Supported by JFB

v4Job 16:8thematic

Parallel description of extreme physical wasting and skin made old as divine chastisement.

Supported by JFB

v12Job 7:20thematic

The sufferer is set as a mark or target for God's arrows.

Supported by JFB

v14Jeremiah 20:7thematic

Jeremiah's personal lament of becoming a laughingstock and derision all the day long.

Supported by JFB

v14Psalms 69:12typology

The righteous sufferer and ultimate Messiah becoming the song of the drunkards and mockers.

Supported by JFB

v18Psalms 31:22thematic

The sudden cry of despair: 'I said in my haste, I am cut off.'

Supported by JFB

v22Malachi 3:6thematic

God's unchanging character and mercies are the sole reason the children of Jacob are not consumed.

Supported by JFB

v25Isaiah 30:18thematic

The Lord waits to be gracious; blessed are all those who wait quietly for Him.

Supported by JFB

v26Psalms 37:7thematic

Exhortation to rest in the Lord and wait patiently for Him in silent submission.

Supported by JFB

v29Job 42:6thematic

Putting one's mouth in the dust matches Job's ultimate posture of self-abhorrence and deep repentance.

Supported by JFB

v38Amos 3:6thematic

Stresses that calamity does not occur in a city unless the Lord has sovereignly permitted it.

v38Isaiah 45:7thematic

God forms light, creates darkness, makes peace, and creates calamity; He is sovereign over both.

Paul's use of 'offscouring' (peripsēma) directly echoes the Greek translation of Lamentations 3:45.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v48Jeremiah 9:1thematic

Jeremiah's famous desire for his eyes to be a fountain of tears for his people's ruin.

Supported by John Calvin

v52Psalms 69:4thematic

Being hated and chased 'without cause,' matching the Hebrew phrasing used by the Psalmist.

Supported by JFB

v55Psalms 130:1thematic

The classic cry to God out of the depths (low dungeon) of despair and distress.

Supported by John Calvin

v63Psalms 139:2thematic

God's intimate knowledge of the believer's 'downsitting and uprising' contrasted with the enemies' mocking observation.

v64Psalms 28:4thematic

Identical prayer language of rendering a recompense according to the work of their hands.

v64Jeremiah 11:20thematic

Jeremiah's personal appeal for God's righteous vengeance upon his malicious, conspiring persecutors.

v642 Timothy 4:14thematic

New Testament parallel of committing judgment to God: 'render to him according to his works.'

v6Psalms 88:5thematic

Being counted among those who lie in the grave, remembered no more.

Supported by JFB

v10Hosea 13:7thematic

God acting as a hidden leopard, lion, or bear lying in wait to rend.

Supported by JFB

v13Job 6:4thematic

The arrows of the Almighty's quiver drinking up the spirit within.

Supported by JFB