Jeremiah20
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Now Pashhur, the son of Immer the priest, who was chief officer in Yahweh’s house, heard Jeremiah prophesying these things.
2Then Pashhur struck Jeremiah the prophet and put him in the stocks that were in the upper gate of Benjamin, which was in Yahweh’s house.
3On the next day, Pashhur released Jeremiah out of the stocks. Then Jeremiah said to him, “Yahweh has not called your name Pashhur, but Magormissabib.
4For Yahweh says, ‘Behold, I will make you a terror to yourself and to all your friends. They will fall by the sword of their enemies, and your eyes will see it. I will give all Judah into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will carry them captive to Babylon, and will kill them with the sword.
5Moreover I will give all the riches of this city, and all its gains, and all its precious things, yes, I will give all the treasures of the kings of Judah into the hand of their enemies. They will make them captives, take them, and carry them to Babylon.
6You, Pashhur, and all who dwell in your house will go into captivity. You will come to Babylon, and there you will die, and there you will be buried, you, and all your friends, to whom you have prophesied falsely.’”
7Yahweh, you have persuaded me, and I was persuaded. You are stronger than I, and have prevailed. I have become a laughingstock all day. Everyone mocks me.
8For as often as I speak, I cry out; I cry, “Violence and destruction!” because Yahweh’s word has been made a reproach to me, and a derision, all day.
9If I say that I will not make mention of him, or speak any more in his name, then there is in my heart as it were a burning fire shut up in my bones. I am weary with holding it in. I can’t.
10For I have heard the defaming of many: “Terror on every side! Denounce, and we will denounce him!” say all my familiar friends, those who watch for my fall. “Perhaps he will be persuaded, and we will prevail against him, and we will take our revenge on him.”
11But Yahweh is with me as an awesome mighty one. Therefore my persecutors will stumble, and they won’t prevail. They will be utterly disappointed because they have not dealt wisely, even with an everlasting dishonor which will never be forgotten.
12But Yahweh of Armies, who tests the righteous, who sees the heart and the mind, let me see your vengeance on them, for I have revealed my cause to you.
13Sing to Yahweh! Praise Yahweh, for he has delivered the soul of the needy from the hand of evildoers.
14Cursed is the day in which I was born. Don’t let the day in which my mother bore me be blessed.
15Cursed is the man who brought news to my father, saying, “A boy is born to you,” making him very glad.
16Let that man be as the cities which Yahweh overthrew, and didn’t repent. Let him hear a cry in the morning, and shouting at noontime,
17because he didn’t kill me from the womb. So my mother would have been my grave, and her womb always great.
18Why did I come out of the womb to see labor and sorrow, that my days should be consumed with shame?
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The doom of Pashur, who ill-treated the prophet. (1-6). Jeremiah complains of hard usage. (7-13). He regrets his ever having been born. (14-18).
vv1-6
Pashur smote Jeremiah, and put him in the stocks. Jeremiah was silent till God put a word into his mouth. To confirm this, Pashur has a name given him, "Fear on every side." It speaks a man not only in distress, but in despair; not only in danger, but in fear on every side. The wicked are in great fear where no fear is, for God can make the most daring sinner a terror to himself. And those who will not hear of their faults from God's prophets, shall be made to hear them from their consciences. Miserable is the man thus made a terror to himself. His friends shall fail him. God lets him live miserably, that he may be a monument of Divine justice.
vv7-13
The prophet complains of the insult and injury he experienced. But 7 may be read, Thou hast persuaded me, and I was persuaded. Thou wast stronger than I; and didst overpower me by the influence of thy Spirit upon me. So long as we see ourselves in the way of God, and of duty, it is weakness and folly, when we meet with difficulties and discouragements, to wish we had never set out in it. The prophet found the grace of God mighty in him to keep him to his business, notwithstanding the temptation he was in to throw it up. Whatever injuries are done to us, we must leave them to that God to whom vengeance belongs, and who has said, I will repay. So full was he of the comfort of God's presence, the Divine protection he was under, and the Divine promise he had to depend upon, that he stirred up himself and others to give God the glory. Let the people of God open their cause before Him, and he will enable them to see deliverance.
vv14-18
When grace has the victory, it is good to be ashamed of our folly, to admire the goodness of God, and be warned to guard our spirits another time. See how strong the temptation was, over which the prophet got the victory by Divine assistance! He is angry that his first breath was not his last. While we remember that these wishes are not recorded for us to utter the like, we may learn good lessons from them. See how much those who think they stand, ought to take heed lest they fall, and to pray daily, Lead us not into temptation. How frail, changeable, and sinful is man! How foolish and unnatural are the thoughts and wishes of our hearts, when we yield to discontent! Let us consider Him who endured the contradiction of sinners against himself, lest we should be at any time weary and faint in our minds under our lesser trials.
Key Words
פַּשְׁחוּר: Pashchur, the name of four Israelites
כֹּהֵן: literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אִמֵּר: Immer, the name of five Israelites
פָּקִיד: a superintendent (civil, military or religious)
נָגִיד: a commander (as occupying the front), civil, military or religious; generally (abstractly, plural), honorable themes
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
שָׁמַע: to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
יִרְמְיָה: Jirmejah, the name of eight or nine Israelites
נָבָא: to prophesy, i.e. speak (or sing) by inspiration (in prediction or simple discourse)
Cross References
Jeremiah 20Jeremiah uses the exact phrase 'fear on every side' (Magor-missabib) found in David's Psalm.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Matches the motif of a burning fire shut up in the heart when attempting silence.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah's intense curse of his birth day strongly echoes Job's passionate lament and self-loathing.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels the divine necessity and inward compulsion to preach despite personal difficulty.
Supported by JFB
The betrayal of 'familiars' ('men of my peace') typifies Christ's betrayal by His close associates.
Supported by JFB
Repeats Jeremiah's appeal to God who trieth the heart and reins, committing his cause.
Supported by John Calvin
A striking historical parallel where a prominent official physically smites a true prophet of God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jeremiah frequently repeats this signature phrase 'terror on every side' throughout his warnings.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah wrestles with the terms of God's original call and promise of deliverance.
Supported by JFB
Refers to the complete, unrepenting overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah as a standard of judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Pashur's priestly lineage as belonging to the sixteenth course, the house of Immer.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Mentions the specific temple prison/stocks designed to punish and humiliate prophetic messengers.
Supported by JFB
Isaiah's prophecy to Hezekiah is fulfilled in the spoiling of the temple treasures to Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The people conspire to accuse Jeremiah by weaponizing his words and reporting him.
Supported by JFB
Provides a direct parallel where a false prophet receives a specific death sentence for lies.
Supported by Matthew Henry