Jeremiah46
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Yahweh’s word which came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning the nations.
2Of Egypt: concerning the army of Pharaoh Necoh king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates in Carchemish, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah.
3“Prepare the buckler and shield, and draw near to battle!
4Harness the horses, and get up, you horsemen, and stand up with your helmets. Polish the spears, put on the coats of mail.
5Why have I seen it? They are dismayed and are turned backward. Their mighty ones are beaten down, have fled in haste, and don’t look back. Terror is on every side,” says Yahweh.
6“Don’t let the swift flee away, nor the mighty man escape. In the north by the river Euphrates they have stumbled and fallen.
7“Who is this who rises up like the Nile, like rivers whose waters surge?
8Egypt rises up like the Nile, like rivers whose waters surge. He says, ‘I will rise up. I will cover the earth. I will destroy cities and its inhabitants.’
9Go up, you horses! Rage, you chariots! Let the mighty men go out: Cush and Put, who handle the shield; and the Ludim, who handle and bend the bow.
10For that day is of the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, a day of vengeance, that he may avenge himself of his adversaries. The sword will devour and be satiated, and will drink its fill of their blood; for the Lord, Yahweh of Armies, has a sacrifice in the north country by the river Euphrates.
11Go up into Gilead, and take balm, virgin daughter of Egypt. You use many medicines in vain. There is no healing for you.
12The nations have heard of your shame, and the earth is full of your cry; for the mighty man has stumbled against the mighty, they both fall together.”
13The word that Yahweh spoke to Jeremiah the prophet, how that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon should come and strike the land of Egypt:
14“Declare in Egypt, publish in Migdol, and publish in Memphis and in Tahpanhes; say, ‘Stand up, and prepare, for the sword has devoured around you.’
15Why are your strong ones swept away? They didn’t stand, because Yahweh pushed them.
16He made many to stumble. Yes, they fell on one another. They said, ‘Arise! Let’s go again to our own people, and to the land of our birth, from the oppressing sword.’
17They cried there, ‘Pharaoh king of Egypt is but a noise; he has let the appointed time pass by.’
18“As I live,” says the King, whose name is Yahweh of Armies, “surely like Tabor among the mountains, and like Carmel by the sea, so he will come.
19You daughter who dwells in Egypt, furnish yourself to go into captivity; for Memphis will become a desolation, and will be burned up, without inhabitant.
20“Egypt is a very beautiful heifer; but destruction out of the north has come. It has come.
21Also her hired men in the middle of her are like calves of the stall, for they also are turned back. They have fled away together. They didn’t stand, for the day of their calamity has come on them, the time of their visitation.
22Its sound will go like the serpent, for they will march with an army, and come against her with axes, as wood cutters.
23They will cut down her forest,” says Yahweh, “though it can’t be searched; because they are more than the locusts, and are innumerable.
24The daughter of Egypt will be disappointed; she will be delivered into the hand of the people of the north.”
25Yahweh of Armies, the God of Israel, says: “Behold, I will punish Amon of No, and Pharaoh, and Egypt, with her gods and her kings, even Pharaoh, and those who trust in him.
26I will deliver them into the hand of those who seek their lives, and into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of his servants. Afterwards it will be inhabited, as in the days of old,” says Yahweh.
27“But don’t you be afraid, Jacob my servant. Don’t be dismayed, Israel; for, behold, I will save you from afar, and your offspring from the land of their captivity. Jacob will return, and will be quiet and at ease. No one will make him afraid.
28Don’t be afraid, O Jacob my servant,” says Yahweh, “for I am with you; for I will make a full end of all the nations where I have driven you, but I will not make a full end of you, but I will correct you in measure, and will in no way leave you unpunished.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 46.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The defeat of the Egyptians. (1-12). Their overthrow after the siege of Tyre. (13-26). A promise of comfort to the Jews. (27-28).
vv1-12
The whole word of God is against those who obey not the gospel of Christ; but it is for those, even of the Gentiles, who turn to Him. The prophecy begins with Egypt. Let them strengthen themselves with all the art and interest they have, yet it shall be all in vain. The wounds God inflicts on his enemies, cannot be healed by medicines. Power and prosperity soon pass from one to another in this changing world.
vv13-28
Those who encroached on others, shall now be themselves encroached on. Egypt is now like a very fair heifer, not accustomed to the yoke of subjection; but destruction comes out of the north: the Chaldeans shall come. Comfort and peace are spoken to the Israel of God, designed to encourage them when the judgments of God were abroad among the nations. He will be with them, and only correct them in measure; and will not punish them with everlasting destruction from his presence.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אֲשֶׁר: who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.
יִרְמְיָה: Jirmejah, the name of eight or nine Israelites
נָבִיא: a prophet or (generally) inspired man
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
גּוֹי: a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
מִצְרַיִם: Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
חַיִל: probably a force, whether of men, means or other resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength
פַּרְעֹה נְכֹה: Paroh-Nekoh (or -Neko), an Egyptian king
מֶלֶךְ: a king
Cross References
Jeremiah 46Historical context of Pharaoh-necho's campaign at Megiddo where King Josiah was slain.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Verbal echo regarding Gilead and balm, demonstrating the futility of seeking healing for Egypt's terminal defeat.
Supported by JFB
Virtually identical comforting promise of preservation and return given to Jacob/Israel amidst Gentile judgments.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels the promise to correct Israel in measure while making a full end of other nations.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Records the historical aftermath: the King of Egypt lost all territory from the Nile to the Euphrates.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Carchemish mentioned as a strategic Syrian location of previous conflict and ultimate Babylonian conquest.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The same metaphor of an overflowing flood/river is used to describe an invading army from the north.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the metaphor of a great, rising river (Euphrates) representing an overwhelming foreign military invasion.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the sacrificial imagery of divine vengeance, where slaughter is described as a sacrifice to the Lord.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah's explicit prediction in Egypt that Nebuchadnezzar would come and smite the land.
Supported by JFB
Mentions Tahpanhes and Noph (Memphis) as sources of Israel's undoing and objects of divine judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the promise of Egypt's restoration to being inhabited after the period of desolation.
Ezekiel's parallel prophecy against the same key Egyptian cities: Noph (Memphis) and others.
Uses the heifer metaphor for a pampered, prosperous nation unaccustomed to the yoke.
Supported by Matthew Henry