Numbers 4NASB
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Numbers4

New American Standard

1Then the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,

2“Take a census of the descendants of Kohath from among the sons of Levi, by their families, by their fathers’ households,

3from thirty years old and upward, even to fifty years old, everyone who can enter the service of ministry to do work in the tent of meeting.

4This is the work of the descendants of Kohath in the tent of meeting, concerning the most holy things.

5“When the camp sets out, Aaron and his sons shall go in and take down the veil of the curtain, and cover the ark of the testimony with it;

6and they shall place a covering of fine leather on it, and spread over it a cloth of pure violet, and insert its carrying poles.

7Over the table of the bread of the Presence they shall also spread a cloth of violet and put on it the dishes, the pans, the sacrificial bowls, and the jugs for the drink offering; and the continual bread shall be on it.

8And they shall spread over them a cloth of scarlet material, and cover the same with a covering of fine leather, and they shall insert its carrying poles.

9Then they shall take a violet cloth and cover the lampstand for the light, along with its lamps, its tongs, its trays, and all its oil containers, by which they attend to it;

10and they shall put it and all its utensils in a covering of fine leather, and put it on the carrying bars.

11Over the golden altar they shall spread a violet cloth, and cover it with a covering of fine leather, and they shall insert its carrying poles;

12and they shall take all the utensils of service, with which they serve in the sanctuary, and put them in a violet cloth and cover them with a covering of fine leather, and put them on the carrying bars.

13Then they shall clean away the ashes from the altar, and spread a purple cloth over it.

14They shall also put on it all its utensils by which they serve in connection with it: the firepans, the forks, shovels, and the basins, all the utensils of the altar; and they shall spread a cover of fine leather over it and insert its carrying poles.

15When Aaron and his sons have finished covering the holy objects and all the furnishings of the sanctuary, when the camp is to set out, after that the sons of Kohath shall come to carry them by the poles, so that they will not touch the holy objects and die. These are the things in the tent of meeting that the sons of Kohath are to carry.

16“Now the responsibility of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest is the oil for the light, the fragrant incense, the continual grain offering, and the anointing oil—the responsibility of all the tabernacle and everything that is in it, with the sanctuary and its furnishings.”

17Then the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying,

18“Do not let the tribe of the families of the Kohathites be eliminated from among the Levites.

19Rather, do this for them so that they will live and not die when they approach the most holy objects: Aaron and his sons shall go in and assign each of them to his work and to his load;

20but they shall not come in to see the holy objects even for a moment, or they will die.”

21Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying,

22“Take a census of the sons of Gershon also, by their fathers’ households, by their families;

23from thirty years old and upward to fifty years old you shall count them: all who can enter to perform service, to do the work in the tent of meeting.

24This is the service of the families of the Gershonites, in serving and in carrying:

25they shall carry the curtains of the tabernacle and the tent of meeting with its covering and the covering of fine leather that is on top of it, and the curtain for the entrance of the tent of meeting,

26and the curtains of the courtyard, the curtain for the entrance of the gate of the courtyard that is around the tabernacle and the altar, and their ropes and all the equipment for their service; and everything that is to be done by them, they shall perform.

27All the service of the sons of the Gershonites, that is, all their loads and all their work, shall be performed at the command of Aaron and his sons; and you shall assign to them as a duty all their loads.

28This is the service of the families of the sons of the Gershonites in the tent of meeting; and their duties shall be under the direction of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.

29“As for the sons of Merari, you shall count them by their families, by their fathers’ households;

30from thirty years old and upward, even to fifty years old, you shall count them, everyone who can enter the service to do the work of the tent of meeting.

31Now this is the duty of their loads, for all their service in the tent of meeting: the boards of the tabernacle, its bars, its pillars, and its bases,

32and the pillars around the courtyard and their bases, their pegs, and their ropes, with all their equipment and with all their service; and you shall assign by names of the men the items that each is to carry.

33This is the service of the families of the sons of Merari, according to all their service in the tent of meeting, under the direction of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.”

34So Moses, Aaron, and the leaders of the congregation counted the sons of the Kohathites by their families and by their fathers’ households,

35from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who could enter the service for work in the tent of meeting.

36Their numbered men by their families were 2,750.

37These were the numbered men of the Kohathite families, everyone who was serving in the tent of meeting, whom Moses and Aaron counted according to the commandment of the Lord through Moses.

38And the numbered men of the sons of Gershon by their families and by their fathers’ households,

39from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who could enter the service for work in the tent of meeting—

40their numbered men by their families, by their fathers’ households, were 2,630.

41These were the numbered men of the families of the sons of Gershon, everyone who was serving in the tent of meeting, whom Moses and Aaron counted according to the commandment of the Lord.

42And the numbered men of the families of the sons of Merari by their families, by their fathers’ households,

43from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who could enter the service for work in the tent of meeting—

44their numbered men by their families were 3,200.

45These were the numbered men of the families of the sons of Merari, whom Moses and Aaron counted according to the commandment of the Lord through Moses.

46All the numbered men of the Levites, whom Moses, Aaron, and the leaders of Israel counted, by their families and by their fathers’ households,

47from thirty years old and upward even to fifty years old, everyone who could enter to do the work of service and the work of carrying in the tent of meeting—

48their numbered men were 8,580.

49According to the commandment of the Lord through Moses, they were counted, everyone by his serving or carrying; so these were his numbered men, just as the Lord had commanded Moses.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 4.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Levites' service. (1–3). The duties of the Kohathites. (4–20). The duties of the Gershonites and Merarites. (21–33). The numbers of the serviceable Levites. (34–49).

vv1-3

The middle-aged men of the tribe of Levi, all from thirty years old to fifty, were to be employed in the service of the tabernacle. The service of God requires the best of our strength, and the prime portion of our time, which cannot be better spent than to the honour of Him who is the First and Best. And the service of God should be done when we are most lively and active. Those do not consider this who put off repentance to old age, and so leave the best work to be done in the worst time.

vv4-20

The Kohathites were to carry the holy things of the tabernacle. All the holy things were to be covered; not only for security and respect, but to keep them from being seen. This not only marked the reverence due to holy things, but the mystery of the things signified by those types, and the darkness of the dispensation. But now, through Christ, the case is altered, and we are encouraged to come boldly to the throne of grace.

vv21-33

We have here the charge of the other two families of the Levites, which, though not so honourable as the first, yet was necessary, and to be done regularly. All the things were delivered them by name. It intimates the care God takes of his church and every member of it. The death of the saints is represented as the taking down of the tabernacle, 2Co 5:1, and the putting it off, 2Pe 1:14. All shall be raised up in the great day, when these vile bodies shall be made like the glorious body of Jesus Christ, and so shall be for ever with the Lord.

Cross References

Numbers 4
v3Numbers 8:24-26thematic

Compares Levite service age starting at 25 for training versus 30 for full carriage duties.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Luke 3:23typology

The age of thirty for entering full tabernacle service matches Christ entering His public ministry.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v151 Samuel 6:19thematic

Illustrates the deadly judgment for looking into or touching holy things without authorization.

Supported by JFB

v152 Samuel 6:6-7thematic

Historical example of Uzzah dying after touching the Ark of the Covenant contrary to God's command.

Supported by JFB

v5Exodus 26:31-33thematic

Details the dividing veil used to cover the Ark of Testimony.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Exodus 25:13-15thematic

Examines the placement and handling of the Ark's golden staves during transport.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Numbers 7:9thematic

Confirms the Kohathites had no carts; they carried the sanctuary items directly on their shoulders.

Supported by JFB

David later altered the service age to twenty due to temple work demands.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Exodus 25:30thematic

Establishes the commandment for the showbread to be set on the table continually.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Numbers 18:3thematic

Reiterates the strict death penalty for unauthorized Levites approaching holy vessels.

Supported by JFB

v20Numbers 4:18thematic

Warns priests to supervise Kohathites properly so they do not see holy things and die.

Supported by JFB

Spiritualizes the taking down of tabernacle curtains as the temporary dissolution of our earthly bodies.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Exodus 38:21thematic

Shows Ithamar superintending the metal work and counting of materials under Aaron.

Supported by JFB