1 Samuel6
New American Standard
1Now the ark of the Lord had been in the territory of the Philistines for seven months.
2And the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, saying, “What are we to do with the ark of the Lord? Tell us how we may send it to its place.”
3And they said, “If you are going to send the ark of the God of Israel away, do not send it empty; but you shall certainly return to Him a guilt offering. Then you will be healed, and it will be revealed to you why His hand does not leave you.”
4Then they said, “What is to be the guilt offering that we shall return to Him?” And they said, “Five gold tumors and five gold mice corresponding to the number of the governors of the Philistines, since one plague was on all of you and on your governors.
5So you shall make likenesses of your tumors and likenesses of your mice that are ruining the land, and you shall give glory to the God of Israel; perhaps He will lighten His hand from you, your gods, and your land.
6Why then do you harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? When He had severely dealt with them, did they not let the people go, and they left?
7Now then, take and prepare a new cart and two milk cows on which there has never been a yoke; and hitch the cows to the cart and take their calves back home, away from them.
8Then take the ark of the Lord and place it on the cart; and put the articles of gold which you return to Him as a guilt offering in a saddlebag by its side. Then send it away that it may go.
9But watch: if it goes up by the way of its own territory to Beth-shemesh, then He has done this great evil to us. But if not, then we will know that it was not His hand that struck us; it happened to us by chance.”
10Then the men did so: they took two milk cows and hitched them to the cart, and shut in their calves at home.
11And they put the ark of the Lord on the cart, and the saddlebag with the gold mice and the likenesses of their tumors.
12Now the cows went straight in the direction of Beth-shemesh; they went on the same road, bellowing as they went, and did not turn off to the right or to the left. And the governors of the Philistines followed them to the border of Beth-shemesh.
13Now the people of Beth-shemesh were gathering in their wheat harvest in the valley, and they raised their eyes and saw the ark, and rejoiced at seeing it.
14And the cart came into the field of Joshua the Beth-shemite and stopped there where there was a large stone; and they split the wood of the cart and offered the cows as a burnt offering to the Lord.
15And the Levites took down the ark of the Lord and the saddlebag that was with it, in which were the articles of gold, and put them on the large stone; and the men of Beth-shemesh offered burnt offerings and sacrificed sacrifices that day to the Lord.
16When the five governors of the Philistines saw it, they returned to Ekron that day.
17Now these are the gold tumors which the Philistines returned as a guilt offering to the Lord: one for Ashdod, one for Gaza, one for Ashkelon, one for Gath, and one for Ekron;
18and the gold mice, corresponding to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five governors, both of fortified cities and of country villages. The large stone on which they placed the ark of the Lord is a witness to this day in the field of Joshua the Beth-shemite.
19Now He fatally struck some of the men of Beth-shemesh because they had looked into the ark of the Lord. He struck 50,070 men among the people, and the people mourned because the Lord had struck the people with a great slaughter.
20And the men of Beth-shemesh said, “Who is able to stand before the Lord, this holy God? And to whom will He go up from us?”
21So they sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kiriath-jearim, saying, “The Philistines have brought back the ark of the Lord; come down and take it up to yourselves.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 6.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The Philistines consult how to send back the ark. (1–9). They bring it to Bethshemesh. (10–18). The people smitten for looking into the ark. (19–21).
vv1-9
Seven months the Philistines were punished with the presence of the ark; so long it was a plague to them, because they would not send it home sooner. Sinners lengthen out their own miseries by refusing to part with their sins. The Israelites made no effort to recover the ark. Alas! where shall we find concern for religion prevail above all other matters? In times of public calamity we fear for ourselves, for our families, and for our country; but who cares for the ark of God? We are favoured with the gospel, but it is treated with neglect or contempt. We need not wonder if it should be taken from us; to many persons this, though the heavies of calamities, would occasion no grief. There are multitudes whom any profession would please as well as that of Christianity. But there are those who value the house, the word, and the ministry of God above their richest possessions, who dread the loss of these blessings more than death. How willing bad men are to shift off their convictions, and when they are in trouble, to believe it is a chance that happens; and that the rod has no voice which they should hear or heed!
vv10-18
These two kine knew their owner, their great Owner, whom Hophin and Phinehas knew not. God's providence takes notice even of brute creatures, and serves its own purposes by them. When the reapers saw the ark, they rejoiced; their joy for that was greater than the joy of harvest. The return of the ark, and the revival of holy ordinances, after days of restraint and trouble, are matters of great joy.
vv19-21
It is a great affront to God, for vain men to pry into, and meddle with the secret things which belong not to them, De 29:29; Col 2:18. Man was ruined by desiring forbidden knowledge. God will not suffer his ark to be profaned. Be not deceived, God is not mocked. Those that will not fear his goodness, and reverently use the tokens of his grace, shall be made to feel his justice. The number smitten is expressed in an unusual manner in the original, and it is probable that it means 1170. They desire to be rid of the ark. Foolish men run from one extreme to the other. They should rather have asked, How may we have peace with God, and recover his favor? Mic 6:6, 7. Thus, when the word of God works with terror on sinners' consciences, they, instead of taking the blame and shame to themselves, quarrel with the word, and put that from them. Many stifle their convictions, and put salvation away from them.
Key Words
אָרוֹן: a box
שָׂדֶה: a field (as flat)
פְּלִשְׁתִּי: a Pelishtite or inhabitant of Pelesheth
שֶׁבַע: seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
קָרָא: to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
כֹּהֵן: literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
קָסַם: properly, to distribute, i.e. determine by lot or magical scroll; by implication, to divine
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
Cross References
1 Samuel 6The historical parallel of a pagan power forced to let Israel go after severe judgments.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David later imitates the Philistines' error of using a new cart instead of Levites' shoulders.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explicit Mosaic prohibition against looking at or touching the holy things on pain of death.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Beth-shemesh as a designated city of the priests in the territory of Judah.
Supported by JFB
Warns against prying into secret, unrevealed things of God, relevant to Beth-shemesh's curiosity.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The continuation of the narrative where the ark is successfully retrieved and brought to Kirjath-jearim.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Illuminates pagan and Jewish anxiety on how to properly approach and appease an offended God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Mosaic law's requirement of a trespass offering to make atonement for unintentional sacrilege.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Condemns intruding into things not seen, matching the Beth-shemites' profane curiosity into the ark.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The biblical principle that one must not appear before the Lord empty-handed.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God executing judgment against pagan deities, paralleling the fall of Dagon and Philistine gods.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Giving glory to God by confessing sin and acknowledging His righteous judgments.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Requirement of sacrificial beasts on which no yoke has ever come, showing sacred devotion.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel judgment on Uzzah for touching the ark irreverently, showing God's severe holiness.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel where wood of agricultural implements is chopped up for an emergency sacrificial fire.
Supported by Matthew Poole