Joshua21
New American Standard
1Then the heads of fathers’ households of the Levites approached Eleazar the priest, Joshua the son of Nun, and the heads of fathers’ households of the tribes of the sons of Israel.
2And they spoke to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, “The Lord commanded through Moses to give us cities to live in, with their pasture lands for our cattle.”
3So the sons of Israel gave the Levites from their inheritance these cities with their pasture lands, in accordance with the command of the Lord.
4Then the lot came out for the families of the Kohathites. And to the sons of Aaron the priest, who were of the Levites, thirteen cities were given by lot from the tribe of Judah, from the tribe of the Simeonites, and from the tribe of Benjamin.
5And to the rest of the sons of Kohath ten cities were given by lot from the families of the tribe of Ephraim, from the tribe of Dan, and from the half-tribe of Manasseh.
6And to the sons of Gershon thirteen cities were given by lot from the families of the tribe of Issachar, from the tribe of Asher, from the tribe of Naphtali, and from the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan.
7To the sons of Merari according to their families twelve cities were given from the tribe of Reuben, from the tribe of Gad, and from the tribe of Zebulun.
8Now the sons of Israel gave by lot to the Levites these cities with their pasture lands, as the Lord had commanded through Moses.
9They gave these cities which are mentioned here by name from the tribe of the sons of Judah and from the tribe of the sons of Simeon;
10and they were for the sons of Aaron, one of the families of the Kohathites, of the sons of Levi, because the lot was theirs first.
11So they gave them Kiriath-arba (Arba being the father of Anak), that is, Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, with its surrounding pasture lands.
12But the fields of the city and its villages they gave to Caleb the son of Jephunneh as his possession.
13So to the sons of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron, the city of refuge for the one who commits manslaughter, with its pasture lands, Libnah with its pasture lands,
14Jattir with its pasture lands, Eshtemoa with its pasture lands,
15Holon with its pasture lands, Debir with its pasture lands,
16Ain with its pasture lands, Juttah with its pasture lands, and Beth-shemesh with its pasture lands; nine cities from these two tribes.
17From the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with its pasture lands, Geba with its pasture lands,
18Anathoth with its pasture lands, and Almon with its pasture lands; four cities.
19All the cities of the sons of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with their pasture lands.
20Then the cities from the tribe of Ephraim were allotted to the families of the sons of Kohath, the Levites, that is, to the rest of the sons of Kohath.
21They gave them Shechem, the city of refuge for the one who commits manslaughter, with its pasture lands, in the hill country of Ephraim, and Gezer with its pasture lands,
22and Kibzaim with its pasture lands, and Beth-horon with its pasture lands; four cities.
23And from the tribe of Dan, Elteke with its pasture lands, Gibbethon with its pasture lands,
24Aijalon with its pasture lands, Gath-rimmon with its pasture lands; four cities.
25From the half-tribe of Manasseh, they allotted Taanach with its pasture lands and Gath-rimmon with its pasture lands; two cities.
26All the cities with their pasture lands for the families of the rest of the sons of Kohath were ten.
27And to the sons of Gershon, one of the families of the Levites, from the half-tribe of Manasseh, they gave Golan in Bashan, the city of refuge for the one who commits manslaughter, with its pasture lands, and Be-eshterah with its pasture lands; two cities.
28And from the tribe of Issachar they gave Kishion with its pasture lands, Daberath with its pasture lands,
29Jarmuth with its pasture lands, and En-gannim with its pasture lands; four cities.
30From the tribe of Asher, they gave Mishal with its pasture lands, Abdon with its pasture lands,
31Helkath with its pasture lands, and Rehob with its pasture lands; four cities.
32And from the tribe of Naphtali, they gave Kedesh in Galilee, the city of refuge for the one who commits manslaughter, with its pasture lands, Hammoth-dor with its pasture lands, and Kartan with its pasture lands; three cities.
33All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their pasture lands.
34And to the families of the sons of Merari, the rest of the Levites, they gave from the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with its pasture lands, Kartah with its pasture lands,
35Dimnah with its pasture lands, and Nahalal with its pasture lands; four cities.
36From the tribe of Reuben they gave Bezer with its pasture lands, Jahaz with its pasture lands,
37Kedemoth with its pasture lands, and Mephaath with its pasture lands; four cities.
38And from the tribe of Gad, they gave Ramoth in Gilead, the city of refuge for the one who commits manslaughter, with its pasture lands, Mahanaim with its pasture lands,
39Heshbon with its pasture lands, and Jazer with its pasture lands; four cities in all.
40All these were the cities of the sons of Merari according to their families, the rest of the families of the Levites; and their lot was twelve cities.
41All the cities of the Levites in the midst of the possession of the sons of Israel were forty-eight cities with their pasture lands.
42These cities individually had their surrounding pasture lands; this is how it was with all these cities.
43So the Lord gave Israel all the land which He had sworn to give to their fathers, and they took possession of it and lived in it.
44And the Lord gave them rest on every side, in accordance with everything that He had sworn to their fathers, and no one of all their enemies stood before them; the Lord handed all their enemies over to them.
45Not one of the good promises which the Lord had made to the house of Israel failed; everything came to pass.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Cities for the Levites. (1–8). The cities allotted to the Levites. (9–42). God gave the land and rest to the Israelites, according to his promise. (43–45).
vv1-8
The Levites waited till the other tribes were provided for, before they preferred their claim to Joshua. They build their claim upon a very good foundation; not their own merits or services, but the Divine precept. The maintenance of ministers is not a thing left merely to the will of the people, that they may let them starve if they please; they which preach the gospel should live by the gospel, and should live comfortably. (Jos 21:9-42)
vv9-42
By mixing the Levites with the other tribes, they were made to see that the eyes of all Israel were upon them, and therefore it was their concern to walk so that their ministry might not be blamed. Every tribe had its share of Levites' cities. Thus did God graciously provide for keeping up religion among them, and that they might have the word in all parts of the land. Yet, blessed be God, we have the gospel more diffused amongst us. (Jos 21:43-45)
vv43-45
God promised to give to the seed of Abraham the land of Canaan for a possession, and now they possessed it, and dwelt therein. And the promise of the heavenly Canaan is as sure to all God's spiritual Israel; for it is the promise of Him that cannot lie. There stood not a man before them. The after-prevalence of the Canaanites was the effect of Israel's slothfulness, and the punishment of their sinful inclination to the idolatries and abominations of the heathen whom they harboured and indulged. There failed not aught of any good thing, which the Lord had spoken to the house of Israel. In due season all his promises will be accomplished; then will his people acknowledge that the Lord has exceeded their largest expectations, and made them more than conquerors, and brought them to their desired rest.
Key Words
רֹאשׁ: the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
לֵוִיִּי: a Levite or descendant of Levi
נָגַשׁ: to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; religious to worship; causatively, to present; figuratively, to adduce an argument; by reversal, to stand back
אֶלְעָזָר: Elazar, the name of seven Israelites
כֹּהֵן: literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
יְהוֹשׁוּעַ: Jehoshua (i.e. Joshua), the Jewish leader
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
נוּן: Nun or Non, the father of Joshua
מַטֶּה: a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)
Cross References
Joshua 21Direct fulfillment of the Mosaic command to give the Levites cities and suburbs from tribal inheritances.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills Jacob's prophecy that Levi would be scattered and dispersed throughout the tribes of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Dispersing Levites enabled them to teach God's law and judgments locally throughout all Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel Chronicler account detailing the exact allotment of cities to the families of Aaron.
Supported by JFB
Establishes the permanent Levitical ownership and Jubilee redemption laws for these allocated cities.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Resolves Caleb's inheritance of Hebron with the Levites receiving the city and suburbs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Solomon echoes Joshua's declaration that not one word of God's good promise has failed.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Identifies the Kohathites, who drew the first lot, as a primary division of Levi.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Highlights that several assigned Levitical cities also served as designated cities of refuge.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Anathoth, assigned here as a priestly city, is later the home of Jeremiah the priest.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joshua's personal farewell testimony reiterating that all God's promises were completely fulfilled.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Contrast: Levi has no territorial inheritance, but instead receives specific cities to dwell in.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shows the historical impact when northern Levites left their suburbs to return to Judah.
Supported by JFB
The spiritual purpose for scattering priests: to preserve knowledge and provide instruction in the law.
Supported by Matthew Poole