Joshua21
New Living Translation
1Then the leaders of the tribe of Levi came to consult with Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, and the leaders of the other tribes of Israel.
2They came to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan and said, “The Lord commanded Moses to give us towns to live in and pasturelands for our livestock.”
3So by the command of the Lord the people of Israel gave the Levites the following towns and pasturelands out of their own grants of land.
4The descendants of Aaron, who were members of the Kohathite clan within the tribe of Levi, were allotted thirteen towns that were originally assigned to the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin.
5The other families of the Kohathite clan were allotted ten towns from the tribes of Ephraim, Dan, and the half-tribe of Manasseh.
6The clan of Gershon was allotted thirteen towns from the tribes of Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan.
7The clan of Merari was allotted twelve towns from the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Zebulun.
8So the Israelites obeyed the Lord’s command to Moses and assigned these towns and pasturelands to the Levites by casting sacred lots.
9The Israelites gave the following towns from the tribes of Judah and Simeon
10to the descendants of Aaron, who were members of the Kohathite clan within the tribe of Levi, since the sacred lot fell to them first:
11Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron), in the hill country of Judah, along with its surrounding pasturelands. (Arba was an ancestor of Anak.)
12But the open fields beyond the town and the surrounding villages were given to Caleb son of Jephunneh as his possession.
13The following towns with their pasturelands were given to the descendants of Aaron the priest: Hebron (a city of refuge for those who accidentally killed someone), Libnah,
14Jattir, Eshtemoa,
15Holon, Debir,
16Ain, Juttah, and Beth-shemesh—nine towns from these two tribes.
17From the tribe of Benjamin the priests were given the following towns with their pasturelands: Gibeon, Geba,
18Anathoth, and Almon—four towns.
19So in all, thirteen towns with their pasturelands were given to the priests, the descendants of Aaron.
20The rest of the Kohathite clan from the tribe of Levi was allotted the following towns and pasturelands from the tribe of Ephraim:
21Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim (a city of refuge for those who accidentally killed someone), Gezer,
22Kibzaim, and Beth-horon—four towns.
23The following towns and pasturelands were allotted to the priests from the tribe of Dan: Eltekeh, Gibbethon,
24Aijalon, and Gath-rimmon—four towns.
25The half-tribe of Manasseh allotted the following towns with their pasturelands to the priests: Taanach and Gath-rimmon—two towns.
26So in all, ten towns with their pasturelands were given to the rest of the Kohathite clan.
27The descendants of Gershon, another clan within the tribe of Levi, received the following towns with their pasturelands from the half-tribe of Manasseh: Golan in Bashan (a city of refuge for those who accidentally killed someone) and Be-eshterah—two towns.
28From the tribe of Issachar they received the following towns with their pasturelands: Kishion, Daberath,
29Jarmuth, and En-gannim—four towns.
30From the tribe of Asher they received the following towns with their pasturelands: Mishal, Abdon,
31Helkath, and Rehob—four towns.
32From the tribe of Naphtali they received the following towns with their pasturelands: Kedesh in Galilee (a city of refuge for those who accidentally killed someone), Hammoth-dor, and Kartan—three towns.
33So in all, thirteen towns with their pasturelands were allotted to the clan of Gershon.
34The rest of the Levites—the Merari clan—were given the following towns with their pasturelands from the tribe of Zebulun: Jokneam, Kartah,
35Dimnah, and Nahalal—four towns.
36From the tribe of Reuben they received the following towns with their pasturelands: Bezer, Jahaz,
37Kedemoth, and Mephaath—four towns.
38From the tribe of Gad they received the following towns with their pasturelands: Ramoth in Gilead (a city of refuge for those who accidentally killed someone), Mahanaim,
39Heshbon, and Jazer—four towns.
40So in all, twelve towns were allotted to the clan of Merari.
41The total number of towns and pasturelands within Israelite territory given to the Levites came to forty-eight.
42Every one of these towns had pasturelands surrounding it.
43So the Lord gave to Israel all the land he had sworn to give their ancestors, and they took possession of it and settled there.
44And the Lord gave them rest on every side, just as he had solemnly promised their ancestors. None of their enemies could stand against them, for the Lord helped them conquer all their enemies.
45Not a single one of all the good promises the Lord had given to the family of Israel was left unfulfilled; everything he had spoken came true.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 21.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Cities for the Levites. (1–8). The cities allotted to the Levites. (9–42). God gave the land and rest to the Israelites, according to his promise. (43–45).
vv1-8
The Levites waited till the other tribes were provided for, before they preferred their claim to Joshua. They build their claim upon a very good foundation; not their own merits or services, but the Divine precept. The maintenance of ministers is not a thing left merely to the will of the people, that they may let them starve if they please; they which preach the gospel should live by the gospel, and should live comfortably. (Jos 21:9-42)
vv9-42
By mixing the Levites with the other tribes, they were made to see that the eyes of all Israel were upon them, and therefore it was their concern to walk so that their ministry might not be blamed. Every tribe had its share of Levites' cities. Thus did God graciously provide for keeping up religion among them, and that they might have the word in all parts of the land. Yet, blessed be God, we have the gospel more diffused amongst us. (Jos 21:43-45)
vv43-45
God promised to give to the seed of Abraham the land of Canaan for a possession, and now they possessed it, and dwelt therein. And the promise of the heavenly Canaan is as sure to all God's spiritual Israel; for it is the promise of Him that cannot lie. There stood not a man before them. The after-prevalence of the Canaanites was the effect of Israel's slothfulness, and the punishment of their sinful inclination to the idolatries and abominations of the heathen whom they harboured and indulged. There failed not aught of any good thing, which the Lord had spoken to the house of Israel. In due season all his promises will be accomplished; then will his people acknowledge that the Lord has exceeded their largest expectations, and made them more than conquerors, and brought them to their desired rest.
Key Words
רֹאשׁ: the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
לֵוִיִּי: a Levite or descendant of Levi
נָגַשׁ: to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; religious to worship; causatively, to present; figuratively, to adduce an argument; by reversal, to stand back
אֶלְעָזָר: Elazar, the name of seven Israelites
כֹּהֵן: literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
יְהוֹשׁוּעַ: Jehoshua (i.e. Joshua), the Jewish leader
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
נוּן: Nun or Non, the father of Joshua
מַטֶּה: a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)
Cross References
Joshua 21Direct fulfillment of the Mosaic command to give the Levites cities and suburbs from tribal inheritances.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfills Jacob's prophecy that Levi would be scattered and dispersed throughout the tribes of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Dispersing Levites enabled them to teach God's law and judgments locally throughout all Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel Chronicler account detailing the exact allotment of cities to the families of Aaron.
Supported by JFB
Establishes the permanent Levitical ownership and Jubilee redemption laws for these allocated cities.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Resolves Caleb's inheritance of Hebron with the Levites receiving the city and suburbs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Solomon echoes Joshua's declaration that not one word of God's good promise has failed.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Identifies the Kohathites, who drew the first lot, as a primary division of Levi.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Highlights that several assigned Levitical cities also served as designated cities of refuge.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Anathoth, assigned here as a priestly city, is later the home of Jeremiah the priest.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joshua's personal farewell testimony reiterating that all God's promises were completely fulfilled.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Contrast: Levi has no territorial inheritance, but instead receives specific cities to dwell in.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shows the historical impact when northern Levites left their suburbs to return to Judah.
Supported by JFB
The spiritual purpose for scattering priests: to preserve knowledge and provide instruction in the law.
Supported by Matthew Poole