1 Samuel 6ASV
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1 Samuel6

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1And the ark of Jehovah was in the country of the Philistines seven months.

2And the Philistines called for the priests and the diviners, saying, What shall we do with the ark of Jehovah? show us wherewith we shall send it to its place.

3And they said, If ye send away the ark of the God of Israel, send it not empty; but by all means return him a trespass-offering: then ye shall be healed, and it shall be known to you why his hand is not removed from you.

4Then said they, What shall be the trespass-offering which we shall return to him? And they said, Five golden tumors, and five golden mice, according to the number of the lords of the Philistines; for one plague was on you all, and on your lords.

5Wherefore ye shall make images of your tumors, and images of your mice that mar the land; and ye shall give glory unto the God of Israel: peradventure he will lighten his hand from off you, and from off your gods, and from off your land.

6Wherefore then do ye harden your hearts, as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened their hearts? When he had wrought wonderfully among them, did they not let the people go, and they departed?

7Now therefore take and prepare you a new cart, and two milch kine, on which there hath come no yoke; and tie the kine to the cart, and bring their calves home from them;

8and take the ark of Jehovah, and lay it upon the cart; and put the jewels of gold, which ye return him for a trespass-offering, in a coffer by the side thereof; and send it away, that it may go.

9And see; if it goeth up by the way of its own border to Beth-shemesh, then he hath done us this great evil: but if not, then we shall know that it is not his hand that smote us; it was a chance that happened to us.

10And the men did so, and took two milch kine, and tied them to the cart, and shut up their calves at home;

11and they put the ark of Jehovah upon the cart, and the coffer with the mice of gold and the images of their tumors.

12And the kine took the straight way by the way to Beth-shemesh; they went along the highway, lowing as they went, and turned not aside to the right hand or to the left; and the lords of the Philistines went after them unto the border of Beth-shemesh.

13And they of Beth-shemesh were reaping their wheat harvest in the valley; and they lifted up their eyes, and saw the ark, and rejoiced to see it.

14And the cart came into the field of Joshua the Beth-shemite, and stood there, where there was a great stone: and they clave the wood of the cart, and offered up the kine for a burnt-offering unto Jehovah.

15And the Levites took down the ark of Jehovah, and the coffer that was with it, wherein the jewels of gold were, and put them on the great stone: and the men of Beth-shemesh offered burnt-offerings and sacrificed sacrifices the same day unto Jehovah.

16And when the five lords of the Philistines had seen it, they returned to Ekron the same day.

17And these are the golden tumors which the Philistines returned for a trespass-offering unto Jehovah: for Ashdod one, for Gaza one, for Ashkelon one, for Gath one, for Ekron one;

18and the golden mice, according to the number of all the cities of the Philistines belonging to the five lords, both of fortified cities and of country villages, even unto the great stone, whereon they set down the ark of Jehovah, which stone remaineth unto this day in the field of Joshua the Beth-shemite.

19And he smote of the men of Beth-shemesh, because they had looked into the ark of Jehovah, he smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand men; and the people mourned, because Jehovah had smitten the people with a great slaughter.

20And the men of Beth-shemesh said, Who is able to stand before Jehovah, this holy God? and to whom shall he go up from us?

21And they sent messengers to the inhabitants of Kiriath-jearim, saying, The Philistines have brought back the ark of Jehovah; come ye down, and fetch it up to you.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 6.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Philistines consult how to send back the ark. (1–9). They bring it to Bethshemesh. (10–18). The people smitten for looking into the ark. (19–21).

vv1-9

Seven months the Philistines were punished with the presence of the ark; so long it was a plague to them, because they would not send it home sooner. Sinners lengthen out their own miseries by refusing to part with their sins. The Israelites made no effort to recover the ark. Alas! where shall we find concern for religion prevail above all other matters? In times of public calamity we fear for ourselves, for our families, and for our country; but who cares for the ark of God? We are favoured with the gospel, but it is treated with neglect or contempt. We need not wonder if it should be taken from us; to many persons this, though the heavies of calamities, would occasion no grief. There are multitudes whom any profession would please as well as that of Christianity. But there are those who value the house, the word, and the ministry of God above their richest possessions, who dread the loss of these blessings more than death. How willing bad men are to shift off their convictions, and when they are in trouble, to believe it is a chance that happens; and that the rod has no voice which they should hear or heed!

vv10-18

These two kine knew their owner, their great Owner, whom Hophin and Phinehas knew not. God's providence takes notice even of brute creatures, and serves its own purposes by them. When the reapers saw the ark, they rejoiced; their joy for that was greater than the joy of harvest. The return of the ark, and the revival of holy ordinances, after days of restraint and trouble, are matters of great joy.

vv19-21

It is a great affront to God, for vain men to pry into, and meddle with the secret things which belong not to them, De 29:29; Col 2:18. Man was ruined by desiring forbidden knowledge. God will not suffer his ark to be profaned. Be not deceived, God is not mocked. Those that will not fear his goodness, and reverently use the tokens of his grace, shall be made to feel his justice. The number smitten is expressed in an unusual manner in the original, and it is probable that it means 1170. They desire to be rid of the ark. Foolish men run from one extreme to the other. They should rather have asked, How may we have peace with God, and recover his favor? Mic 6:6, 7. Thus, when the word of God works with terror on sinners' consciences, they, instead of taking the blame and shame to themselves, quarrel with the word, and put that from them. Many stifle their convictions, and put salvation away from them.

Cross References

1 Samuel 6
v6Exodus 12:31-33thematic

The historical parallel of a pagan power forced to let Israel go after severe judgments.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v72 Samuel 6:3thematic

David later imitates the Philistines' error of using a new cart instead of Levites' shoulders.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v19Numbers 4:20thematic

Explicit Mosaic prohibition against looking at or touching the holy things on pain of death.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Joshua 21:16thematic

Identifies Beth-shemesh as a designated city of the priests in the territory of Judah.

Supported by JFB

Warns against prying into secret, unrevealed things of God, relevant to Beth-shemesh's curiosity.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v211 Samuel 7:1thematic

The continuation of the narrative where the ark is successfully retrieved and brought to Kirjath-jearim.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v2Micah 6:6-9thematic

Illuminates pagan and Jewish anxiety on how to properly approach and appease an offended God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

The Mosaic law's requirement of a trespass offering to make atonement for unintentional sacrilege.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v19Colossians 2:18thematic

Condemns intruding into things not seen, matching the Beth-shemites' profane curiosity into the ark.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3Exodus 23:15thematic

The biblical principle that one must not appear before the Lord empty-handed.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Exodus 12:12thematic

God executing judgment against pagan deities, paralleling the fall of Dagon and Philistine gods.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v5Joshua 7:19thematic

Giving glory to God by confessing sin and acknowledging His righteous judgments.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Numbers 19:2thematic

Requirement of sacrificial beasts on which no yoke has ever come, showing sacred devotion.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v192 Samuel 6:7thematic

The parallel judgment on Uzzah for touching the ark irreverently, showing God's severe holiness.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v142 Samuel 24:22thematic

Parallel where wood of agricultural implements is chopped up for an emergency sacrificial fire.

Supported by Matthew Poole