Exodus40
New International Version
1Then the Lord said to Moses:
2“Set up the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, on the first day of the first month.
3Place the ark of the covenant law in it and shield the ark with the curtain.
4Bring in the table and set out what belongs on it. Then bring in the lampstand and set up its lamps.
5Place the gold altar of incense in front of the ark of the covenant law and put the curtain at the entrance to the tabernacle.
6“Place the altar of burnt offering in front of the entrance to the tabernacle, the tent of meeting;
7place the basin between the tent of meeting and the altar and put water in it.
8Set up the courtyard around it and put the curtain at the entrance to the courtyard.
9“Take the anointing oil and anoint the tabernacle and everything in it; consecrate it and all its furnishings, and it will be holy.
10Then anoint the altar of burnt offering and all its utensils; consecrate the altar, and it will be most holy.
11Anoint the basin and its stand and consecrate them.
12“Bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance to the tent of meeting and wash them with water.
13Then dress Aaron in the sacred garments, anoint him and consecrate him so he may serve me as priest.
14Bring his sons and dress them in tunics.
15Anoint them just as you anointed their father, so they may serve me as priests. Their anointing will be to a priesthood that will continue throughout their generations.”
16Moses did everything just as the Lord commanded him.
17So the tabernacle was set up on the first day of the first month in the second year.
18When Moses set up the tabernacle, he put the bases in place, erected the frames, inserted the crossbars and set up the posts.
19Then he spread the tent over the tabernacle and put the covering over the tent, as the Lord commanded him.
20He took the tablets of the covenant law and placed them in the ark, attached the poles to the ark and put the atonement cover over it.
21Then he brought the ark into the tabernacle and hung the shielding curtain and shielded the ark of the covenant law, as the Lord commanded him.
22Moses placed the table in the tent of meeting on the north side of the tabernacle outside the curtain
23and set out the bread on it before the Lord, as the Lord commanded him.
24He placed the lampstand in the tent of meeting opposite the table on the south side of the tabernacle
25and set up the lamps before the Lord, as the Lord commanded him.
26Moses placed the gold altar in the tent of meeting in front of the curtain
27and burned fragrant incense on it, as the Lord commanded him.
28Then he put up the curtain at the entrance to the tabernacle.
29He set the altar of burnt offering near the entrance to the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, and offered on it burnt offerings and grain offerings, as the Lord commanded him.
30He placed the basin between the tent of meeting and the altar and put water in it for washing,
31and Moses and Aaron and his sons used it to wash their hands and feet.
32They washed whenever they entered the tent of meeting or approached the altar, as the Lord commanded Moses.
33Then Moses set up the courtyard around the tabernacle and altar and put up the curtain at the entrance to the courtyard. And so Moses finished the work.
34Then the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle.
35Moses could not enter the tent of meeting because the cloud had settled on it, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle.
36In all the travels of the Israelites, whenever the cloud lifted from above the tabernacle, they would set out;
37but if the cloud did not lift, they did not set out—until the day it lifted.
38So the cloud of the Lord was over the tabernacle by day, and fire was in the cloud by night, in the sight of all the Israelites during all their travels.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 40.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The tabernacle is to be set up, Aaron and his sons to be sanctified. (1–15). Moses performs all as directed. (16–33). The glory of the Lord fills the tabernacle. (34–38).
vv1-15
When a new year begins, we should seek to serve God better than the year before. In half a year the tabernacle was completed. When the hearts of numbers are earnest in a good cause, much may be done in a short time; and when the commandments of God are continually attended to, as the rule of working, all will be done well. The high-priesthood was in the family of Aaron till Christ came, and in Him, the substance of all these shadows, it continues for ever.
vv16-33
When the tabernacle and the furniture of it were prepared, they did not put off rearing it till they came to Canaan; but, in obedience to the will of God, they set it up in the midst of their camp. Those who are unsettled in the world, must not think that this will excuse want of religion; as if it were enough to begin to serve God when they begin to be settled in the world. No; a tabernacle for God is very needful, even in a wilderness, especially as we may be in another world before we come to fix in this. And we may justly fear lest we should deceive ourselves with a form of godliness. The thought that so few entered Canaan, should warn young persons especially, not to put off the care of their souls.
vv34-38
The cloud covered the tabernacle even in the clearest day; it was not a cloud which the sun scatters. This cloud was a token of God's presence to be seen day and night, by all Israel, that they might never again question, Is the Lord among us, or is he not? It guided the camp of Israel through the wilderness. While the cloud rested on the tabernacle, they rested; when it removed, they followed it. The glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. In light and fire the Shechinah made itself visible: God is Light; our God is a consuming Fire. Yet so dazzling was the light, and so dreadful the fire, that Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, till the splendour was abated. But what Moses could not do, our Lord Jesus has done, whom God caused to draw near; and who has invited us to come boldly, even to the mercy-seat. Being taught by the Holy Spirit to follow the example of Christ, as well as to depend upon him, to attend his ordinances, and obey his precepts, we shall be kept from losing our way, and be led in the midst of the paths of judgment, till we come to heaven, the habitation of his holiness. BLESSED BE GOD FOR JESUS CHRIST!
Key Words
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
רִאשׁוֹן: first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
אֶחָד: properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
מִשְׁכָּן: a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the grave; also the Temple); specifically, the Tabernacle (properly, its wooden walls)
אֹהֶל: a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)
Cross References
Exodus 40Solomon's temple is likewise filled with the cloud of glory, signaling God's dwelling among His people.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The priests could not stand to minister in the temple because of the overwhelming glory-cloud.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Setting up the tabernacle on the first day of the first month aligns with the Exodus calendar's start.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Directly describes putting the testimony (the tablets of the law) and mercy seat into the ark.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Expands on the cloud covering the tabernacle and guiding Israel throughout their subsequent wilderness journeys.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Connects this manifestation with the original pillar of cloud and fire that led them from Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Defines the construction and placement of the golden altar of incense before the veil.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Details the placement and purpose of the bronze laver filled with water for priestly washing.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The original command and recipe for the holy anointing oil used to sanctify the tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The instructions for washing, clothing, and anointing Aaron and his sons for the priesthood.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
New Testament description of the first covenant tabernacle, highlighting the table and the showbread.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The original command to place the laver for Aaron and his sons to wash before service.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Word became flesh and 'tabernacled' among us, revealing the ultimate, approachable glory of God.
Supported by JFB
God declares He will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat, warning against unauthorized entry.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms the completion, rearing, and anointing of the tabernacle on this exact day.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The command to hang the veil to separate the Holy Place from the Most Holy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The instructions for the table of showbread and setting the bread in order before Yahweh.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The blueprint for the golden candlestick and its lamps to give light in the sanctuary.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Christ entering the true holy place typified by the high priest serving before the golden altar.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Details the construction of the bronze altar of burnt offering placed before the tabernacle door.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The instructions for setting up the court hangings and gate surrounding the tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The command to hang the veil to divide the Holy Place from the Most Holy.
Supported by Calvin
Details the setting of the twelve cakes of showbread in order upon the pure table.
Supported by Calvin
The specific directive for lighting the seven lamps to give light before the candlestick.
Supported by Calvin
The institution and description of the golden altar of incense placed before the veil.
Supported by Calvin
The command for the daily continual burnt offerings at the door of the tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The heavenly temple filled with smoke from the glory of God, preventing any from entering.
Supported by JFB
Describes the daily sin offering for atonement to sanctify and cleanse the altar.
Supported by John Calvin
The historical execution of washing, clothing, and anointing Aaron and his sons as prescribed.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Compares the faithfulness of Moses finishing God's house to Christ's faithfulness over His own house.
Supported by JFB