Exodus40
New Living Translation
1Then the Lord said to Moses,
2“Set up the Tabernacle on the first day of the new year.
3Place the Ark of the Covenant inside, and install the inner curtain to enclose the Ark within the Most Holy Place.
4Then bring in the table, and arrange the utensils on it. And bring in the lampstand, and set up the lamps.
5“Place the gold incense altar in front of the Ark of the Covenant. Then hang the curtain at the entrance of the Tabernacle.
6Place the altar of burnt offering in front of the Tabernacle entrance.
7Set the washbasin between the Tabernacle and the altar, and fill it with water.
8Then set up the courtyard around the outside of the tent, and hang the curtain for the courtyard entrance.
9“Take the anointing oil and anoint the Tabernacle and all its furnishings to consecrate them and make them holy.
10Anoint the altar of burnt offering and its utensils to consecrate them. Then the altar will become absolutely holy.
11Next anoint the washbasin and its stand to consecrate them.
12“Present Aaron and his sons at the entrance of the Tabernacle, and wash them with water.
13Dress Aaron with the sacred garments and anoint him, consecrating him to serve me as a priest.
14Then present his sons and dress them in their tunics.
15Anoint them as you did their father, so they may also serve me as priests. With their anointing, Aaron’s descendants are set apart for the priesthood forever, from generation to generation.”
16Moses proceeded to do everything just as the Lord had commanded him.
17So the Tabernacle was set up on the first day of the first month of the second year.
18Moses erected the Tabernacle by setting down its bases, inserting the frames, attaching the crossbars, and setting up the posts.
19Then he spread the coverings over the Tabernacle framework and put on the protective layers, just as the Lord had commanded him.
20He took the stone tablets inscribed with the terms of the covenant and placed them inside the Ark. Then he attached the carrying poles to the Ark, and he set the Ark’s cover—the place of atonement—on top of it.
21Then he brought the Ark of the Covenant into the Tabernacle and hung the inner curtain to shield it from view, just as the Lord had commanded him.
22Next Moses placed the table in the Tabernacle, along the north side of the Holy Place, just outside the inner curtain.
23And he arranged the Bread of the Presence on the table before the Lord, just as the Lord had commanded him.
24He set the lampstand in the Tabernacle across from the table on the south side of the Holy Place.
25Then he lit the lamps in the Lord’s presence, just as the Lord had commanded him.
26He also placed the gold incense altar in the Tabernacle, in the Holy Place in front of the inner curtain.
27On it he burned the fragrant incense, just as the Lord had commanded him.
28He hung the curtain at the entrance of the Tabernacle,
29and he placed the altar of burnt offering near the Tabernacle entrance. On it he offered a burnt offering and a grain offering, just as the Lord had commanded him.
30Next Moses placed the washbasin between the Tabernacle and the altar. He filled it with water so the priests could wash themselves.
31Moses and Aaron and Aaron’s sons used water from it to wash their hands and feet.
32Whenever they approached the altar and entered the Tabernacle, they washed themselves, just as the Lord had commanded Moses.
33Then he hung the curtains forming the courtyard around the Tabernacle and the altar. And he set up the curtain at the entrance of the courtyard. So at last Moses finished the work.
34Then the cloud covered the Tabernacle, and the glory of the Lord filled the Tabernacle.
35Moses could no longer enter the Tabernacle because the cloud had settled down over it, and the glory of the Lord filled the Tabernacle.
36Now whenever the cloud lifted from the Tabernacle, the people of Israel would set out on their journey, following it.
37But if the cloud did not rise, they remained where they were until it lifted.
38The cloud of the Lord hovered over the Tabernacle during the day, and at night fire glowed inside the cloud so the whole family of Israel could see it. This continued throughout all their journeys.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 40.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The tabernacle is to be set up, Aaron and his sons to be sanctified. (1–15). Moses performs all as directed. (16–33). The glory of the Lord fills the tabernacle. (34–38).
vv1-15
When a new year begins, we should seek to serve God better than the year before. In half a year the tabernacle was completed. When the hearts of numbers are earnest in a good cause, much may be done in a short time; and when the commandments of God are continually attended to, as the rule of working, all will be done well. The high-priesthood was in the family of Aaron till Christ came, and in Him, the substance of all these shadows, it continues for ever.
vv16-33
When the tabernacle and the furniture of it were prepared, they did not put off rearing it till they came to Canaan; but, in obedience to the will of God, they set it up in the midst of their camp. Those who are unsettled in the world, must not think that this will excuse want of religion; as if it were enough to begin to serve God when they begin to be settled in the world. No; a tabernacle for God is very needful, even in a wilderness, especially as we may be in another world before we come to fix in this. And we may justly fear lest we should deceive ourselves with a form of godliness. The thought that so few entered Canaan, should warn young persons especially, not to put off the care of their souls.
vv34-38
The cloud covered the tabernacle even in the clearest day; it was not a cloud which the sun scatters. This cloud was a token of God's presence to be seen day and night, by all Israel, that they might never again question, Is the Lord among us, or is he not? It guided the camp of Israel through the wilderness. While the cloud rested on the tabernacle, they rested; when it removed, they followed it. The glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. In light and fire the Shechinah made itself visible: God is Light; our God is a consuming Fire. Yet so dazzling was the light, and so dreadful the fire, that Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, till the splendour was abated. But what Moses could not do, our Lord Jesus has done, whom God caused to draw near; and who has invited us to come boldly, even to the mercy-seat. Being taught by the Holy Spirit to follow the example of Christ, as well as to depend upon him, to attend his ordinances, and obey his precepts, we shall be kept from losing our way, and be led in the midst of the paths of judgment, till we come to heaven, the habitation of his holiness. BLESSED BE GOD FOR JESUS CHRIST!
Key Words
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
רִאשׁוֹן: first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
אֶחָד: properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
מִשְׁכָּן: a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the grave; also the Temple); specifically, the Tabernacle (properly, its wooden walls)
אֹהֶל: a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)
Cross References
Exodus 40Solomon's temple is likewise filled with the cloud of glory, signaling God's dwelling among His people.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The priests could not stand to minister in the temple because of the overwhelming glory-cloud.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Setting up the tabernacle on the first day of the first month aligns with the Exodus calendar's start.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Directly describes putting the testimony (the tablets of the law) and mercy seat into the ark.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Expands on the cloud covering the tabernacle and guiding Israel throughout their subsequent wilderness journeys.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Connects this manifestation with the original pillar of cloud and fire that led them from Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Defines the construction and placement of the golden altar of incense before the veil.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Details the placement and purpose of the bronze laver filled with water for priestly washing.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The original command and recipe for the holy anointing oil used to sanctify the tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The instructions for washing, clothing, and anointing Aaron and his sons for the priesthood.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
New Testament description of the first covenant tabernacle, highlighting the table and the showbread.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The original command to place the laver for Aaron and his sons to wash before service.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Word became flesh and 'tabernacled' among us, revealing the ultimate, approachable glory of God.
Supported by JFB
God declares He will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat, warning against unauthorized entry.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms the completion, rearing, and anointing of the tabernacle on this exact day.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The command to hang the veil to separate the Holy Place from the Most Holy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The instructions for the table of showbread and setting the bread in order before Yahweh.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The blueprint for the golden candlestick and its lamps to give light in the sanctuary.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Christ entering the true holy place typified by the high priest serving before the golden altar.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Details the construction of the bronze altar of burnt offering placed before the tabernacle door.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The instructions for setting up the court hangings and gate surrounding the tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The command to hang the veil to divide the Holy Place from the Most Holy.
Supported by Calvin
Details the setting of the twelve cakes of showbread in order upon the pure table.
Supported by Calvin
The specific directive for lighting the seven lamps to give light before the candlestick.
Supported by Calvin
The institution and description of the golden altar of incense placed before the veil.
Supported by Calvin
The command for the daily continual burnt offerings at the door of the tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The heavenly temple filled with smoke from the glory of God, preventing any from entering.
Supported by JFB
Describes the daily sin offering for atonement to sanctify and cleanse the altar.
Supported by John Calvin
The historical execution of washing, clothing, and anointing Aaron and his sons as prescribed.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Compares the faithfulness of Moses finishing God's house to Christ's faithfulness over His own house.
Supported by JFB