Exodus40
King James Version · Public Domain
1And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,
2On the first day of the first month shalt thou set up the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation.
3And thou shalt put therein the ark of the testimony, and cover the ark with the veil.
4And thou shalt bring in the table, and set in order the things that are to be set in order upon it; and thou shalt bring in the candlestick, and light the lamps thereof.
5And thou shalt set the altar of gold for the incense before the ark of the testimony, and put the hanging of the door to the tabernacle.
6And thou shalt set the altar of the burnt offering before the door of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation.
7And thou shalt set the laver between the tent of the congregation and the altar, and shalt put water therein.
8And thou shalt set up the court round about, and hang up the hanging at the court gate.
9And thou shalt take the anointing oil, and anoint the tabernacle, and all that is therein, and shalt hallow it, and all the vessels thereof: and it shall be holy.
10And thou shalt anoint the altar of the burnt offering, and all his vessels, and sanctify the altar: and it shall be an altar most holy.
11And thou shalt anoint the laver and his foot, and sanctify it.
12And thou shalt bring Aaron and his sons unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and wash them with water.
13And thou shalt put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, and sanctify him; that he may minister unto me in the priest's office.
14And thou shalt bring his sons, and clothe them with coats:
15And thou shalt anoint them, as thou didst anoint their father, that they may minister unto me in the priest's office: for their anointing shall surely be an everlasting priesthood throughout their generations.
16Thus did Moses: according to all that the Lord commanded him, so did he.
17And it came to pass in the first month in the second year, on the first day of the month, that the tabernacle was reared up.
18And Moses reared up the tabernacle, and fastened his sockets, and set up the boards thereof, and put in the bars thereof, and reared up his pillars.
19And he spread abroad the tent over the tabernacle, and put the covering of the tent above upon it; as the Lord commanded Moses.
20And he took and put the testimony into the ark, and set the staves on the ark, and put the mercy seat above upon the ark:
21And he brought the ark into the tabernacle, and set up the veil of the covering, and covered the ark of the testimony; as the Lord commanded Moses.
22And he put the table in the tent of the congregation, upon the side of the tabernacle northward, without the veil.
23And he set the bread in order upon it before the Lord; as the Lord had commanded Moses.
24And he put the candlestick in the tent of the congregation, over against the table, on the side of the tabernacle southward.
25And he lighted the lamps before the Lord; as the Lord commanded Moses.
26And he put the golden altar in the tent of the congregation before the veil:
27And he burnt sweet incense thereon; as the Lord commanded Moses.
28And he set up the hanging at the door of the tabernacle.
29And he put the altar of burnt offering by the door of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation, and offered upon it the burnt offering and the meat offering; as the Lord commanded Moses.
30And he set the laver between the tent of the congregation and the altar, and put water there, to wash withal.
31And Moses and Aaron and his sons washed their hands and their feet thereat:
32When they went into the tent of the congregation, and when they came near unto the altar, they washed; as the Lord commanded Moses.
33And he reared up the court round about the tabernacle and the altar, and set up the hanging of the court gate. So Moses finished the work.
34Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle.
35And Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, because the cloud abode thereon, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle.
36And when the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the children of Israel went onward in all their journeys:
37But if the cloud were not taken up, then they journeyed not till the day that it was taken up.
38For the cloud of the Lord was upon the tabernacle by day, and fire was on it by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Exodus 40.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The tabernacle is to be set up, Aaron and his sons to be sanctified. (1–15). Moses performs all as directed. (16–33). The glory of the Lord fills the tabernacle. (34–38).
vv1-15
When a new year begins, we should seek to serve God better than the year before. In half a year the tabernacle was completed. When the hearts of numbers are earnest in a good cause, much may be done in a short time; and when the commandments of God are continually attended to, as the rule of working, all will be done well. The high-priesthood was in the family of Aaron till Christ came, and in Him, the substance of all these shadows, it continues for ever.
vv16-33
When the tabernacle and the furniture of it were prepared, they did not put off rearing it till they came to Canaan; but, in obedience to the will of God, they set it up in the midst of their camp. Those who are unsettled in the world, must not think that this will excuse want of religion; as if it were enough to begin to serve God when they begin to be settled in the world. No; a tabernacle for God is very needful, even in a wilderness, especially as we may be in another world before we come to fix in this. And we may justly fear lest we should deceive ourselves with a form of godliness. The thought that so few entered Canaan, should warn young persons especially, not to put off the care of their souls.
vv34-38
The cloud covered the tabernacle even in the clearest day; it was not a cloud which the sun scatters. This cloud was a token of God's presence to be seen day and night, by all Israel, that they might never again question, Is the Lord among us, or is he not? It guided the camp of Israel through the wilderness. While the cloud rested on the tabernacle, they rested; when it removed, they followed it. The glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. In light and fire the Shechinah made itself visible: God is Light; our God is a consuming Fire. Yet so dazzling was the light, and so dreadful the fire, that Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the congregation, till the splendour was abated. But what Moses could not do, our Lord Jesus has done, whom God caused to draw near; and who has invited us to come boldly, even to the mercy-seat. Being taught by the Holy Spirit to follow the example of Christ, as well as to depend upon him, to attend his ordinances, and obey his precepts, we shall be kept from losing our way, and be led in the midst of the paths of judgment, till we come to heaven, the habitation of his holiness. BLESSED BE GOD FOR JESUS CHRIST!
Key Words
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
רִאשׁוֹן: first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
אֶחָד: properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an ordinal) first
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
קוּם: to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
מִשְׁכָּן: a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the grave; also the Temple); specifically, the Tabernacle (properly, its wooden walls)
אֹהֶל: a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)
Cross References
Exodus 40Solomon's temple is likewise filled with the cloud of glory, signaling God's dwelling among His people.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The priests could not stand to minister in the temple because of the overwhelming glory-cloud.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Setting up the tabernacle on the first day of the first month aligns with the Exodus calendar's start.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Directly describes putting the testimony (the tablets of the law) and mercy seat into the ark.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Expands on the cloud covering the tabernacle and guiding Israel throughout their subsequent wilderness journeys.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Connects this manifestation with the original pillar of cloud and fire that led them from Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Defines the construction and placement of the golden altar of incense before the veil.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Details the placement and purpose of the bronze laver filled with water for priestly washing.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The original command and recipe for the holy anointing oil used to sanctify the tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The instructions for washing, clothing, and anointing Aaron and his sons for the priesthood.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
New Testament description of the first covenant tabernacle, highlighting the table and the showbread.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The original command to place the laver for Aaron and his sons to wash before service.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Word became flesh and 'tabernacled' among us, revealing the ultimate, approachable glory of God.
Supported by JFB
God declares He will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat, warning against unauthorized entry.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms the completion, rearing, and anointing of the tabernacle on this exact day.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The command to hang the veil to separate the Holy Place from the Most Holy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The instructions for the table of showbread and setting the bread in order before Yahweh.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The blueprint for the golden candlestick and its lamps to give light in the sanctuary.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Christ entering the true holy place typified by the high priest serving before the golden altar.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Details the construction of the bronze altar of burnt offering placed before the tabernacle door.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The instructions for setting up the court hangings and gate surrounding the tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The command to hang the veil to divide the Holy Place from the Most Holy.
Supported by Calvin
Details the setting of the twelve cakes of showbread in order upon the pure table.
Supported by Calvin
The specific directive for lighting the seven lamps to give light before the candlestick.
Supported by Calvin
The institution and description of the golden altar of incense placed before the veil.
Supported by Calvin
The command for the daily continual burnt offerings at the door of the tabernacle.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The heavenly temple filled with smoke from the glory of God, preventing any from entering.
Supported by JFB
Describes the daily sin offering for atonement to sanctify and cleanse the altar.
Supported by John Calvin
The historical execution of washing, clothing, and anointing Aaron and his sons as prescribed.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Compares the faithfulness of Moses finishing God's house to Christ's faithfulness over His own house.
Supported by JFB