Genesis 1NASB
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Genesis1

New American Standard

1In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

2And the earth was a formless and desolate emptiness, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters.

3Then God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light.

4God saw that the light was good; and God separated the light from the darkness.

5God called the light “day,” and the darkness He called “night.” And there was evening and there was morning, one day.

6Then God said, “Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters.”

7God made the expanse, and separated the waters that were below the expanse from the waters that were above the expanse; and it was so.

8God called the expanse “heaven.” And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.

9Then God said, “Let the waters below the heavens be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear”; and it was so.

10And God called the dry land “earth,” and the gathering of the waters He called “seas”; and God saw that it was good.

11Then God said, “Let the earth sprout vegetation, plants yielding seed, and fruit trees on the earth bearing fruit according to their kind with seed in them”; and it was so.

12The earth produced vegetation, plants yielding seed according to their kind, and trees bearing fruit with seed in them, according to their kind; and God saw that it was good.

13And there was evening and there was morning, a third day.

14Then God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night, and they shall serve as signs and for seasons, and for days and years;

15and they shall serve as lights in the expanse of the heavens to give light on the earth”; and it was so.

16God made the two great lights, the greater light to govern the day, and the lesser light to govern the night; He made the stars also.

17God placed them in the expanse of the heavens to give light on the earth,

18and to govern the day and the night, and to separate the light from the darkness; and God saw that it was good.

19And there was evening and there was morning, a fourth day.

20Then God said, “Let the waters teem with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open expanse of the heavens.”

21And God created the great sea creatures and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarmed, according to their kind, and every winged bird according to its kind; and God saw that it was good.

22God blessed them, saying, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.”

23And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day.

24Then God said, “Let the earth produce living creatures according to their kind: livestock and crawling things and animals of the earth according to their kind”; and it was so.

25God made the animals of the earth according to their kind, and the livestock according to their kind, and everything that crawls on the ground according to its kind; and God saw that it was good.

26Then God said, “Let Us make mankind in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the livestock and over all the earth, and over every crawling thing that crawls on the earth.”

27So God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them.

28God blessed them; and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it; and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”

29Then God said, “Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the surface of all the earth, and every tree which has fruit yielding seed; it shall be food for you;

30and to every animal of the earth and to every bird of the sky and to everything that moves on the earth which has life, I have given every green plant for food”; and it was so.

31And God saw all that He had made, and behold, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 1.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: God creates heaven and earth. (1, 2). The creation of light. (3–5). God separates the earth from the waters, and makes it fruitful. (6–13). God forms the sun, moon, and stars. (14–19). Animals created. (20–25). Man created in the image of God. (26–28). Food appointed. (29, 30). The work of creation ended and approved. (31).

vv1-2

The first verse of the Bible gives us a satisfying and useful account of the origin of the earth and the heavens. The faith of humble Christians understands this better than the fancy of the most learned men. From what we see of heaven and earth, we learn the power of the great Creator. And let our make and place as men, remind us of our duty as Christians, always to keep heaven in our eye, and the earth under our feet. The Son of God, one with the Father, was with him when he made the world; nay, we are often told that the world was made by him, and nothing was made without him. Oh, what high thoughts should there be in our minds, of that great God whom we worship, and of that great Mediator in whose name we pray! And here, at the beginning of the sacred volume, we read of that Divine Spirit, whose work upon the heart of man is so often mentioned in other parts of the Bible. Observe, that at first there was nothing desirable to be seen, for the world was without form, and void; it was confusion, and emptiness. In like manner the work of grace in the soul is a new creation: and in a graceless soul, one that is not born again, there is disorder, confusion, and every evil work: it is empty of all good, for it is without God; it is dark, it is darkness itself: this is our condition by nature, till Almighty grace works a change in us.

vv3-5

God said, Let there be light; he willed it, and at once there was light. Oh, the power of the word of God! And in the new creation, the first thing that is wrought in the soul is light: the blessed Spirit works upon the will and affections by enlightening the understanding. Those who by sin were darkness, by grace become light in the Lord. Darkness would have been always upon fallen man, if the Son of God had not come and given us understanding, 1Jo 5:20. The light which God willed, he approved of. God divided the light from the darkness; for what fellowship has light with darkness? In heaven there is perfect light, and no darkness at all; in hell, utter darkness, and no gleam of light. The day and the night are the Lord's; let us use both to his honour, by working for him every day, and resting in him every night, meditating in his law both day and night.

vv6-13

The earth was emptiness, but by a word spoken, it became full of God's riches, and his they are still. Though the use of them is allowed to man, they are from God, and to his service and honour they must be used. The earth, at his command, brings forth grass, herbs, and fruits. God must have the glory of all the benefit we receive from the produce of the earth. If we have, through grace, an interest in Him who is the Fountain, we may rejoice in him when the streams of temporal mercies are dried up.

Cross References

Genesis 1
v1John 1:1-3thematic

Identifies the Word (Jesus Christ) who was 'in the beginning' with God and created all things.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

Directly links physical creation of light from darkness to spiritual illumination in the human heart.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v26Psalms 8:5-8allusion

Poetic expansion of God creating man slightly lower than angels and granting him dominion over all creatures.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v27Matthew 19:4quotation

Jesus quotes Gen 1:27 to establish the creation of humanity as male and female from the beginning.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v1Psalms 33:6thematic

Echoes creation by the Word of Jehovah and the breath/Spirit of His mouth.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v1Hebrews 11:3thematic

Affirms that faith understands the worlds were framed by the word of God out of nothing.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Describes Wisdom present with God 'in the beginning' before the depths and earth were made.

Supported by JFB

v2Psalms 104:30thematic

Highlights the Spirit of God sent forth to create and renew the face of the earth.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v26Colossians 3:10thematic

Paul describes the renewal of the believer in knowledge after the image of Him who created him.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v26Ephesians 4:24thematic

The new man is created in righteousness and true holiness, reflecting the original image of God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Confirms God made man upright, but they have sought out many schemes.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Colossians 1:16thematic

Explicitly names Christ as Creator of all things in heaven and on earth.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Hebrews 1:2thematic

Declares that God appointed His Son heir of all things, through whom He made the worlds.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Jeremiah 4:23allusion

Uses the exact Hebrew phrase 'without form, and void' (tohu va-bohu) to describe judgment.

Supported by JFB

v2Job 26:13thematic

Attributes the garnishing of the heavens to the immediate presence and agency of God's Spirit.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Psalms 104:5-9thematic

Poetically describes the geological process of waters fleeing and land rising at God's rebuke.

Supported by JFB

v9Job 38:8-11thematic

Describes God shutting up the sea with doors and setting its prescribed bounds.

Supported by JFB

v26Hebrews 2:6-9typology

Applies the dominion of Psalm 8 ultimately to Jesus Christ, the ideal Second Adam.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v27Genesis 9:6thematic

Establishes the penalty for murder based on man being made in the image of God.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v28Genesis 9:1thematic

God repeats the creation blessing to Noah and his sons after the flood to multiply and fill.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v1Acts 17:24thematic

Paul proclaims God who made the world and all things therein to the Athenians.

Supported by JFB

v2Isaiah 45:18thematic

Explains that God did not create the earth in vain ('tohu'), but formed it to be inhabited.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v3Psalms 33:9thematic

Celebrates the absolute authority of God's command: 'He spake, and it was done.'

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Proverbs 8:29thematic

Wisdom speaks of God giving the sea His decree that waters should not pass.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v16Psalms 136:7-9thematic

Celebrates Him who made great lights, the sun to rule by day, moon by night.

Supported by JFB

v26Genesis 5:1thematic

Reiterates the historical truth that God created man in the likeness of God.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v26Genesis 9:2thematic

The dread of man is placed on beasts, reflecting a post-fall continuation of dominion.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v26James 3:9thematic

Warns against cursing people, who are made in the similitude of God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Mark 10:6quotation

Jesus references creation as male and female to teach on marriage permanence.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v311 Timothy 4:4thematic

Affirms that everything created by God is good and to be received with thanksgiving.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Job 37:18thematic

Refers to spreading out the sky, which is strong as a molten looking glass.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Applies the 'after his kind' principle to God giving every seed its own body.

Supported by JFB

v16Deuteronomy 4:19contrast

Warns Israel against worshiping the sun, moon, and stars, which are merely created lights.

Supported by JFB

v21Psalms 104:24-26thematic

Celebrates the manifold wisdom of God in creating sea creatures, including leviathan.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v27Genesis 2:21-25thematic

Provides the detailed narrative of the creation of woman from man's rib.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v29Psalms 104:14thematic

God causes grass to grow for cattle and plants for man's cultivation.

Supported by Matthew Henry