Isaiah 28NASB
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Isaiah28

New American Standard

1Woe to the proud crown of the habitually drunk of Ephraim, And to the fading flower of its glorious beauty, Which is at the head of the fertile valley Of those who are overcome with wine!

2Behold, the Lord has a strong and mighty agent; As a storm of hail, a tempest of destruction, Like a storm of mighty overflowing waters, He has thrown it down to the earth with His hand.

3The splendid crown of the habitually drunk of Ephraim is trampled underfoot.

4And the fading flower of its glorious beauty, Which is at the head of the fertile valley, Will be like the first-ripe fig prior to the summer, Which one sees, And as soon as it is in his hand, He swallows it.

5On that day the Lord of armies will become a beautiful crown And a glorious wreath to the remnant of His people;

6A spirit of justice for him who sits in judgment, A strength to those who repel the onslaught at the gate.

7And these also reel with wine and stagger from intoxicating drink: The priest and the prophet reel with intoxicating drink, They are confused by wine, they stagger from intoxicating drink; They reel while having visions, They stagger when rendering a verdict.

8For all the tables are full of filthy vomit, without a single clean place.

9“To whom would He teach knowledge, And to whom would He interpret the message? Those just weaned from milk? Those just taken from the breast?

10For He says, ‘Order on order, order on order, Line on line, line on line, A little here, a little there.’”

11Indeed, He will speak to this people Through stammering lips and a foreign tongue,

12He who said to them, “This is the place of quiet, give rest to the weary,” And, “This is the resting place,” but they would not listen.

13So the word of the Lord to them will be, “Order on order, order on order, Line on line, line on line, A little here, a little there,” That they may go and stumble backward, be broken, snared, and taken captive.

14Therefore, hear the word of the Lord, you scoffers, Who rule this people who are in Jerusalem,

15Because you have said, “We have made a covenant with death, And with Sheol we have made a pact. The gushing flood will not reach us when it passes by, Because we have made falsehood our refuge and we have concealed ourselves with deception.”

16Therefore this is what the Lord God says: “Behold, I am laying a stone in Zion, a tested stone, A precious cornerstone for the foundation, firmly placed. The one who believes in it will not be disturbed.

17I will make justice the measuring line And righteousness the level; Then hail will sweep away the refuge of lies, And the waters will overflow the secret place.

18Your covenant with death will be canceled, And your pact with Sheol will not stand; When the gushing flood passes through, Then you will become its trampling ground.

19As often as it passes through, it will seize you; For morning after morning it will pass through, anytime during the day or night, And it will be sheer terror to understand what it means.”

20The bed is too short on which to stretch out, And the blanket is too small to wrap oneself in.

21For the Lord will rise up as at Mount Perazim, He will be stirred up as in the Valley of Gibeon, To do His task, His unusual task, And to work His work, His extraordinary work.

22And now do not carry on as scoffers, Or your shackles will be made stronger; For I have heard from the Lord God of armies Of decisive destruction on all the earth.

23Listen and hear my voice, Pay attention and hear my words.

24Does the farmer plow continually to plant seed? Does he continually turn and break up his ground?

25Does he not level its surface And sow dill and scatter cumin And plant wheat in rows, Barley in its place and rye within its area?

26For his God instructs and teaches him properly.

27For dill is not threshed with a threshing sledge, Nor is the cartwheel driven over cumin; But dill is beaten out with a rod, and cumin with a club.

28Grain for bread is crushed, Indeed, he does not continue to thresh it forever. Because the wheel of his cart and his horses eventually damage it, He does not thresh it longer.

29This also comes from the Lord of armies, Who has made His counsel wonderful and His wisdom great.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 28.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The desolations of Samaria. (1-4). The prosperity of Judah; with reproofs for sinfulness and unbelief. (5-15). Christ is pointed out as the sure Foundation for all believers. (16-22). God's dealings with his people. (23-29).

vv1-4

What men are proud of, be it ever so mean, is to them as a crown; but pride is the forerunner of destruction. How foolishly drunkards act! Those who are overcome with wine are overcome by Satan; and there is not greater drudgery in the world than hard drinking. Their health is ruined; men are broken in their callings and estates, and their families are ruined by it. Their souls are in danger of being undone for ever, and all merely to gratify a base lust. In God's professing people, like Israel, it is worse than in any other. And he is just in taking away the plenty they thus abuse. The plenty they were proud of, is but a fading flower. Like the early fruit, which, as soon as discovered, is plucked and eaten.

vv5-15

The prophet next turns to Judah, whom he calls the residue of his people. Happy are those alone, who glory in the Lord of hosts himself. Hence his people get wisdom and strength for every service and every conflict. But it is only in Christ Jesus that the holy God communicates with sinful man. And whether those that teach are drunk with wine, or intoxicated with false doctrines and notions concerning the kingdom and salvation of the Messiah, they not only err themselves, but lead multitudes astray. All places where such persons have taught are filled with errors. For our instruction in the things of God, it is needful that the same precept and the same line should be often repeated to us, that we may the better understand them. God, by his word, calls us to what is really for our advantage; the service of God is the only true rest for those weary of the service of sin, and there is no refreshment but under the easy yoke of the Lord Jesus. All this had little effect upon the people. Those who will not understand what is plain, but scorn and despise it as mean and trifling, are justly punished. If we are at peace with God, we have, in effect, made a covenant with death; whenever it comes, it cannot do us any real damage, if we are Christ's. But to think of making death our friend, while by sin we are making God our enemy, is absurd. And do not they make lies their refuge who trust in their own righteousness, or to a death-bed repentance? which is a resolution to sin no more, when it is no longer in their power to do so.

vv16-22

Here is a promise of Christ, as the only foundation of hope for escaping the wrath to come. This foundation was laid in Zion, in the eternal counsels of God. This foundation is a stone, firm and able to support his church. It is a tried stone, a chosen stone, approved of God, and never failed any who made trial of it. A corner stone, binding together the whole building, and bearing the whole weight; precious in the sight of the Lord, and of every believer; a sure foundation on which to build. And he who in any age or nation shall believe this testimony, and rest all his hopes, and his never-dying soul on this foundation, shall never be confounded. The right effect of faith in Christ is, to quiet and calm the soul, till events shall be timed by Him, who has all times in his own hand and power. Whatever men trust to for justification, except the righteousness of Christ; or for wisdom, strength, and holiness, except the influences of the Holy Ghost; or for happiness, except the favour of God; that protection in which they thought to shelter themselves, will prove not enough to answer the intention. Those who rest in a righteousness of their own, will have deceived themselves: the bed is too short, the covering too narrow. God will be glorified in the fulfilling of his counsels. If those that profess to be members of God's church, make themselves like Philistines and Canaanites, they must expect to be dealt with as such. Then dare not to ridicule the reproofs of God's word, or the approaches of judgements.

Cross References

Isaiah 28

Paul explicitly quotes verse 11 to explain the sign of speaking in other tongues.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v161 Peter 2:6-8fulfillment

Quotes verse 16 directly, identifying Jesus Christ as the precious chief cornerstone laid in Zion.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v16Romans 9:33fulfillment

Directly quotes and applies the cornerstone and 'believeth shall not be ashamed' to Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v7Leviticus 10:9thematic

Priests were strictly forbidden from drinking wine before entering service, which they here violate.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v16Ephesians 2:20allusion

Refers to Jesus Christ himself as the chief cornerstone of the apostolic temple foundation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v212 Samuel 5:20thematic

Identifies Mount Perazim where David witnessed God breaking through his enemies like waters.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v21Joshua 10:10thematic

Identifies the valley of Gibeon where God routed Israel's enemies by a storm.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

The Mosaic curse of a nation bringing a tongue Israel does not understand as judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Jeremiah 6:16thematic

Parallels the rejected offer of spiritual rest and refreshing for the weary soul.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v12Matthew 11:29thematic

Christ's invitation to take His yoke and find true rest for the soul.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v13Isaiah 8:14thematic

Verbal and thematic parallel of God's word becoming a snare and stumbling block.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v172 Kings 21:13thematic

Parallel usage of measuring line and plummet as metaphors for total divine judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v1Hosea 7:5thematic

Spars with Isaiah's literal condemnation of Ephraim's princes and leaders sick with wine.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Hebrews 5:12thematic

Contrasts those who need milk as spiritual infants with mature doctrinal understanding.

Supported by JFB

Illustrates Israel's mockery of God's prophets and warnings until wrath arose.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v62 Kings 18:8fulfillment

Hezekiah literally turned the battle to the gates, smiting the Philistines to Gaza.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB