2 Kings18
New American Standard
1Now it came about in the third year of Hoshea, the son of Elah king of Israel, that Hezekiah the son of Ahaz king of Judah became king.
2He was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned for twenty-nine years in Jerusalem; and his mother’s name was Abi the daughter of Zechariah.
3He did what was right in the sight of the Lord, in accordance with everything that his father David had done.
4He removed the high places and smashed the memorial stones to pieces, and cut down the Asherah. He also crushed to pieces the bronze serpent that Moses had made, for until those days the sons of Israel had been burning incense to it; and it was called Nehushtan.
5He trusted in the Lord, the God of Israel; and after him there was no one like him among all the kings of Judah, nor among those who came before him.
6For he clung to the Lord; he did not desist from following Him, but kept His commandments, which the Lord had commanded Moses.
7And the Lord was with him; wherever he went he was successful. And he revolted against the king of Assyria and did not serve him.
8He defeated the Philistines as far as Gaza and its territory, from watchtower to fortified city.
9Now in the fourth year of King Hezekiah, which was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, Shalmaneser king of Assyria marched against Samaria and besieged it.
10And at the end of three years they captured it; in the sixth year of Hezekiah, which was the ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel, Samaria was captured.
11Then the king of Assyria led Israel into exile to Assyria, and put them in Halah and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.
12This happened because they did not obey the voice of the Lord their God, but violated His covenant, all that Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded; they would neither listen nor do it.
13Now in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria marched against all the fortified cities of Judah and seized them.
14Then Hezekiah king of Judah sent messengers to the king of Assyria at Lachish, saying, “I have done wrong. Withdraw from me; whatever you impose on me I will endure.” So the king of Assyria imposed on Hezekiah king of Judah the payment of three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold.
15Hezekiah then gave him all the silver that was found in the house of the Lord, and in the treasuries of the king’s house.
16At that time Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doors of the temple of the Lord, and from the doorposts, which Hezekiah king of Judah had overlaid, and he gave it to the king of Assyria.
17Then the king of Assyria sent Tartan, Rab-saris, and Rabshakeh from Lachish to King Hezekiah with a large army to Jerusalem. So they went up and came to Jerusalem. And when they went up, they came and stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is on the road of the fuller’s field.
18Then they called to the king, and Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was in charge of the household, Shebnah the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph the secretary, went out to them.
19And Rabshakeh said to them, “Say now to Hezekiah, ‘This is what the great king, the king of Assyria says: “What is this confidence that you have?
20You say—but they are only empty words—‘I have a plan and strength for the war.’ Now on whom have you relied, that you have revolted against me?
21Now behold, you have relied on the support of this broken reed, on Egypt; on which if a man leans, it will go into his hand and pierce it. That is how Pharaoh king of Egypt is to all who rely on him.
22However, if you say to me, ‘We have trusted in the Lord our God,’ is it not He whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah has removed, and has said to Judah and to Jerusalem, ‘You shall worship before this altar in Jerusalem’?
23Now then, come make a wager with my master the king of Assyria: I will give you two thousand horses, if you are able on your part to put riders on them!
24How then can you drive back even one official of the least of my master’s servants, and rely on Egypt for chariots and horsemen?
25Have I now come up without the Lord’s approval against this place to destroy it? The Lord said to me, ‘Go up against this land and destroy it.’”’”
26Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, Shebnah, and Joah, said to Rabshakeh, “Speak now to your servants in Aramaic, because we understand it; and do not speak with us in Judean so that the people who are on the wall hear you.”
27But Rabshakeh said to them, “Has my master sent me only to your master and to you to speak these words? Has he not also sent me to the men who sit on the wall, doomed to eat their own dung and drink their own urine with you?”
28Then Rabshakeh stood up and shouted with a loud voice in Judean, saying, “Hear the word of the great king, the king of Assyria!
29This is what the king says: ‘Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able to save you from my hand.
30And do not let Hezekiah lead you to trust in the Lord by saying, “The Lord will certainly save us, and this city will not be handed over to the king of Assyria.”
31Do not listen to Hezekiah, for this is what the king of Assyria says: “Make your peace with me and come out to me, and eat, each one, from his vine and each from his fig tree, and drink, each one, the waters of his own cistern,
32until I come and take you to a land like your own land, a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards, a land of olive trees producing oil, and of honey, so that you will live and not die.” But do not listen to Hezekiah, because he misleads you by saying, “The Lord will save us.”
33Has any of the gods of the nations actually saved his land from the hand of the king of Assyria?
34Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivvah? Have they saved Samaria from my hand?
35Who among all the gods of the lands are there who have saved their land from my hand, that the Lord would save Jerusalem from my hand?’”
36But the people were silent and did not answer him with even a word, because it was the king’s command: “Do not answer him.”
37Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was in charge of the household, and Shebna the scribe and Joah the son of Asaph, the secretary, came to Hezekiah with their clothes torn, and they reported to him the words of Rabshakeh.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 18.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Good reign of Hezekiah in Judah, Idolatry. (1–8). Sennacherib invades Judah. (9–16). Rabshakeh's blasphemies. (17–37).
vv1-8
Hezekiah was a true son of David. Some others did that which was right, but not like David. Let us not suppose that when times and men are bad, they must needs grow worse and worse; that does not follow: after many bad kings, God raised one up like David himself. The brazen serpent had been carefully preserved, as a memorial of God's goodness to their fathers in the wilderness; but it was idle and wicked to burn incense to it. All helps to devotion, not warranted by the word of God, interrupt the exercise of faith; they always lead to superstition and other dangerous evils. Human nature perverts every thing of this kind. True faith needs not such aids; the word of God, daily thought upon and prayed over, is all the outward help we need.
vv9-16
The descent Sennacherib made upon Judah, was a great calamity to that kingdom, by which God would try the faith of Hezekiah, and chastise the people. The secret dislike, the hypocrisy, and lukewarmness of numbers, require correction; such trials purify the faith and hope of the upright, and bring them to simple dependence on God.
vv17-37
Rabshakeh tries to convince the Jews, that it was to no purpose for them to stand it out. What confidence is this wherein thou trustest? It were well if sinners would submit to the force of this argument, in seeking peace with God. It is, therefore, our wisdom to yield to him, because it is in vain to contend with him: what confidence is that which those trust in who stand out against him? A great deal of art there is in this speech of Rabshakeh; but a great deal of pride, malice, falsehood, and blasphemy. Hezekiah's nobles held their peace. There is a time to keep silence, as well as a time to speak; and there are those to whom to offer any thing religious or rational, is to cast pearls before swine. Their silence made Rabshakeh yet more proud and secure. It is often best to leave such persons to rail and blaspheme; a decided expression of abhorrence is the best testimony against them. The matter must be left to the Lord, who has all hearts in his hands, committing ourselves unto him in humble submission, believing hope, and fervent prayer.
Key Words
שָׁלוֹשׁ: three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
הוֹשֵׁעַ: Hoshea, the name of five Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אֵלָה: Elah, the name of an Edomite, of four Israelites, and also of a place in Palestine
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
חִזְקִיָּה: Chizkijah, a king of Judah, also the name of two other Israelites
אָחָז: Achaz, the name of a Jewish king and of an Israelite
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
Cross References
2 Kings 18Direct parallel historical account of Sennacherib's invasion and Rabshakeh's speech.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The origin of the brazen serpent that Moses made, which Israel later idolized.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel account of Sennacherib's invasion of Judah's fenced cities.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Detailed account of Hezekiah's thorough campaign to break images and cut down groves.
Supported by JFB
Identical description of Assyria carrying Israel away to Halah, Habor, and the Medes.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel wording regarding trust in Egypt as a bruised reed that pierces the hand.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophetic elaboration of Egypt being a staff of reed to the house of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel account of Hezekiah's accession, age, and mother's name Abiah.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Contrasts Hezekiah's trust with Asa, who purchased foreign aid with temple treasures.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Compares Hezekiah's unique reformational zeal to Josiah's total heart devotion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Contrasts Hezekiah's initial tribute with his father Ahaz's voluntary submission to Assyria.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identical location: the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field.
Supported by JFB
Prophecy concerning Eliakim's promotion over Shebna in Hezekiah's household.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Applied by Henry to justify Hezekiah's command not to answer the blasphemous Rabshakeh.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Christ's application of the brazen serpent typified, here destroyed due to idolatry.
Supported by Matthew Henry