Job39
New International Version
1“Do you know when the mountain goats give birth? Do you watch when the doe bears her fawn?
2Do you count the months till they bear? Do you know the time they give birth?
3They crouch down and bring forth their young; their labor pains are ended.
4Their young thrive and grow strong in the wilds; they leave and do not return.
5“Who let the wild donkey go free? Who untied its ropes?
6I gave it the wasteland as its home, the salt flats as its habitat.
7It laughs at the commotion in the town; it does not hear a driver’s shout.
8It ranges the hills for its pasture and searches for any green thing.
9“Will the wild ox consent to serve you? Will it stay by your manger at night?
10Can you hold it to the furrow with a harness? Will it till the valleys behind you?
11Will you rely on it for its great strength? Will you leave your heavy work to it?
12Can you trust it to haul in your grain and bring it to your threshing floor?
13“The wings of the ostrich flap joyfully, though they cannot compare with the wings and feathers of the stork.
14She lays her eggs on the ground and lets them warm in the sand,
15unmindful that a foot may crush them, that some wild animal may trample them.
16She treats her young harshly, as if they were not hers; she cares not that her labor was in vain,
17for God did not endow her with wisdom or give her a share of good sense.
18Yet when she spreads her feathers to run, she laughs at horse and rider.
19“Do you give the horse its strength or clothe its neck with a flowing mane?
20Do you make it leap like a locust, striking terror with its proud snorting?
21It paws fiercely, rejoicing in its strength, and charges into the fray.
22It laughs at fear, afraid of nothing; it does not shy away from the sword.
23The quiver rattles against its side, along with the flashing spear and lance.
24In frenzied excitement it eats up the ground; it cannot stand still when the trumpet sounds.
25At the blast of the trumpet it snorts, ‘Aha!’ It catches the scent of battle from afar, the shout of commanders and the battle cry.
26“Does the hawk take flight by your wisdom and spread its wings toward the south?
27Does the eagle soar at your command and build its nest on high?
28It dwells on a cliff and stays there at night; a rocky crag is its stronghold.
29From there it looks for food; its eyes detect it from afar.
30Its young ones feast on blood, and where the slain are, there it is.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 39.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God inquires of Job concerning several animals. (1-30).
vv1-30
—In these questions the Lord continued to humble Job. In this chapter several animals are spoken of, whose nature or situation particularly show the power, wisdom, and manifold works of God. The wild ass. It is better to labour and be good for something, than to ramble and be good for nothing. From the untameableness of this and other creatures, we may see, how unfit we are to give law to Providence, who cannot give law even to a wild ass's colt. The unicorn, a strong, stately, proud creature. He is able to serve, but not willing; and God challenges Job to force him to it. It is a great mercy if, where God gives strength for service, he gives a heart; it is what we should pray for, and reason ourselves into, which the brutes cannot do. Those gifts are not always the most valuable that make the finest show. Who would not rather have the voice of the nightingale, than the tail of the peacock; the eye of the eagle and her soaring wing, and the natural affection of the stork, than the beautiful feathers of the ostrich, which can never rise above the earth, and is without natural affection? The description of the war-horse helps to explain the character of presumptuous sinners. Every one turneth to his course, as the horse rushes into the battle. When a man's heart is fully set in him to do evil, and he is carried on in a wicked way, by the violence of his appetites and passions, there is no making him fear the wrath of God, and the fatal consequences of sin. Secure sinners think themselves as safe in their sins as the eagle in her nest on high, in the clefts of the rocks; but I will bring thee down from thence, saith the Lord, Jer 49:16. All these beautiful references to the works of nature, should teach us a right view of the riches of the wisdom of Him who made and sustains all things. The want of right views concerning the wisdom of God, which is ever present in all things, led Job to think and speak unworthily of Providence.
Key Words
יָדַע: to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
סֶלַע: a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress)
יָעֵל: an ibex (as climbing)
יָלַד: to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
שָׁמַר: properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.
חוּל: properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e. (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; figuratively, to wait, to pervert
אַיָּלָה: a doe or female deer
סָפַר: properly, to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e. (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e. celebrate
יֶרַח: a lunation, i.e. month
Cross References
Job 39Direct parallel linking wild rock goats (ibex) and high rocks as God's design for wilderness animals.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Sola Scriptura parallel of the Lord's voice causing the hinds to calve/bring forth with difficulty.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The wild ass in the wilderness, snuffing up the wind, untamed and preferring lonely freedom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The pride of man contrasted with the eagle nesting on high in the crag of the rock.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Verbal link to the ostrich's crying and mournful nature in desolate places.
Supported by JFB
Expressly compares the daughters of Jerusalem to ostriches in the wilderness, being cruel to their young.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrast of the ostrich's lack of wisdom with God teaching man more than the beasts.
Supported by JFB
Contrast between the lowing of the domestic ox and the free braying of the wild ass.
Supported by JFB
The Hebrew word for 'barren land' translates literally to saltiness/salt places as in Psalm 107.
Supported by JFB
Contrast between the domestic ox knowing its owner's crib versus the wild, untamable unicorn.
Supported by JFB
Proverbial parallel used by Jesus: 'for wheresoever the carcase is, there will the eagles be gathered.'
Mentions the actual steep geographical 'rocks of the wild goats' where David hid.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Proverbial comparison of vain, foolish man to a wild ass's colt needing restraint.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The wild ass's immunity to the driver's voice matches the prisoners hearing not the oppressor.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Compares headlong, presumptuous sinners to a war-horse rushing mindlessly into battle.
Supported by Matthew Henry