Job39
New King James Version
1“Do you know the time when the wild mountain goats bear young? Or can you mark when the deer gives birth?
2Can you number the months that they fulfill? Or do you know the time when they bear young?
3They bow down, They bring forth their young, They deliver their offspring.
4Their young ones are healthy, They grow strong with grain; They depart and do not return to them.
5“Who set the wild donkey free? Who loosed the bonds of the onager,
6Whose home I have made the wilderness, And the barren land his dwelling?
7He scorns the tumult of the city; He does not heed the shouts of the driver.
8The range of the mountains is his pasture, And he searches after every green thing.
9“Will the wild ox be willing to serve you? Will he bed by your manger?
10Can you bind the wild ox in the furrow with ropes? Or will he plow the valleys behind you?
11Will you trust him because his strength is great? Or will you leave your labor to him?
12Will you trust him to bring home your grain, And gather it to your threshing floor?
13“The wings of the ostrich wave proudly, But are her wings and pinions like the kindly stork’s?
14For she leaves her eggs on the ground, And warms them in the dust;
15She forgets that a foot may crush them, Or that a wild beast may break them.
16She treats her young harshly, as though they were not hers; Her labor is in vain, without concern,
17Because God deprived her of wisdom, And did not endow her with understanding.
18When she lifts herself on high, She scorns the horse and its rider.
19“Have you given the horse strength? Have you clothed his neck with thunder?
20Can you frighten him like a locust? His majestic snorting strikes terror.
21He paws in the valley, and rejoices in his strength; He gallops into the clash of arms.
22He mocks at fear, and is not frightened; Nor does he turn back from the sword.
23The quiver rattles against him, The glittering spear and javelin.
24He devours the distance with fierceness and rage; Nor does he come to a halt because the trumpet has sounded.
25At the blast of the trumpet he says, ‘Aha!’ He smells the battle from afar, The thunder of captains and shouting.
26“Does the hawk fly by your wisdom, And spread its wings toward the south?
27Does the eagle mount up at your command, And make its nest on high?
28On the rock it dwells and resides, On the crag of the rock and the stronghold.
29From there it spies out the prey; Its eyes observe from afar.
30Its young ones suck up blood; And where the slain are, there it is.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 39.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: God inquires of Job concerning several animals. (1-30).
vv1-30
—In these questions the Lord continued to humble Job. In this chapter several animals are spoken of, whose nature or situation particularly show the power, wisdom, and manifold works of God. The wild ass. It is better to labour and be good for something, than to ramble and be good for nothing. From the untameableness of this and other creatures, we may see, how unfit we are to give law to Providence, who cannot give law even to a wild ass's colt. The unicorn, a strong, stately, proud creature. He is able to serve, but not willing; and God challenges Job to force him to it. It is a great mercy if, where God gives strength for service, he gives a heart; it is what we should pray for, and reason ourselves into, which the brutes cannot do. Those gifts are not always the most valuable that make the finest show. Who would not rather have the voice of the nightingale, than the tail of the peacock; the eye of the eagle and her soaring wing, and the natural affection of the stork, than the beautiful feathers of the ostrich, which can never rise above the earth, and is without natural affection? The description of the war-horse helps to explain the character of presumptuous sinners. Every one turneth to his course, as the horse rushes into the battle. When a man's heart is fully set in him to do evil, and he is carried on in a wicked way, by the violence of his appetites and passions, there is no making him fear the wrath of God, and the fatal consequences of sin. Secure sinners think themselves as safe in their sins as the eagle in her nest on high, in the clefts of the rocks; but I will bring thee down from thence, saith the Lord, Jer 49:16. All these beautiful references to the works of nature, should teach us a right view of the riches of the wisdom of Him who made and sustains all things. The want of right views concerning the wisdom of God, which is ever present in all things, led Job to think and speak unworthily of Providence.
Key Words
יָדַע: to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation, care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation, punishment, etc.)
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
סֶלַע: a craggy rock, literally or figuratively (a fortress)
יָעֵל: an ibex (as climbing)
יָלַד: to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
שָׁמַר: properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.
חוּל: properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e. (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; figuratively, to wait, to pervert
אַיָּלָה: a doe or female deer
סָפַר: properly, to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e. (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e. celebrate
יֶרַח: a lunation, i.e. month
Cross References
Job 39Direct parallel linking wild rock goats (ibex) and high rocks as God's design for wilderness animals.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Sola Scriptura parallel of the Lord's voice causing the hinds to calve/bring forth with difficulty.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The wild ass in the wilderness, snuffing up the wind, untamed and preferring lonely freedom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The pride of man contrasted with the eagle nesting on high in the crag of the rock.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Verbal link to the ostrich's crying and mournful nature in desolate places.
Supported by JFB
Expressly compares the daughters of Jerusalem to ostriches in the wilderness, being cruel to their young.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrast of the ostrich's lack of wisdom with God teaching man more than the beasts.
Supported by JFB
Contrast between the lowing of the domestic ox and the free braying of the wild ass.
Supported by JFB
The Hebrew word for 'barren land' translates literally to saltiness/salt places as in Psalm 107.
Supported by JFB
Contrast between the domestic ox knowing its owner's crib versus the wild, untamable unicorn.
Supported by JFB
Proverbial parallel used by Jesus: 'for wheresoever the carcase is, there will the eagles be gathered.'
Mentions the actual steep geographical 'rocks of the wild goats' where David hid.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Proverbial comparison of vain, foolish man to a wild ass's colt needing restraint.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The wild ass's immunity to the driver's voice matches the prisoners hearing not the oppressor.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Compares headlong, presumptuous sinners to a war-horse rushing mindlessly into battle.
Supported by Matthew Henry