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Job3

New King James Version

1After this Job opened his mouth and cursed the day of his birth.

2And Job spoke, and said:

3“May the day perish on which I was born, And the night in which it was said, ‘A male child is conceived.’

4May that day be darkness; May God above not seek it, Nor the light shine upon it.

5May darkness and the shadow of death claim it; May a cloud settle on it; May the blackness of the day terrify it.

6As for that night, may darkness seize it; May it not rejoice among the days of the year, May it not come into the number of the months.

7Oh, may that night be barren! May no joyful shout come into it!

8May those curse it who curse the day, Those who are ready to arouse Leviathan.

9May the stars of its morning be dark; May it look for light, but have none, And not see the dawning of the day;

10Because it did not shut up the doors of my mother’s womb, Nor hide sorrow from my eyes.

11“Why did I not die at birth? Why did I not perish when I came from the womb?

12Why did the knees receive me? Or why the breasts, that I should nurse?

13For now I would have lain still and been quiet, I would have been asleep; Then I would have been at rest

14With kings and counselors of the earth, Who built ruins for themselves,

15Or with princes who had gold, Who filled their houses with silver;

16Or why was I not hidden like a stillborn child, Like infants who never saw light?

17There the wicked cease from troubling, And there the weary are at rest.

18There the prisoners rest together; They do not hear the voice of the oppressor.

19The small and great are there, And the servant is free from his master.

20“Why is light given to him who is in misery, And life to the bitter of soul,

21Who long for death, but it does not come, And search for it more than hidden treasures;

22Who rejoice exceedingly, And are glad when they can find the grave?

23Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, And whom God has hedged in?

24For my sighing comes before I eat, And my groanings pour out like water.

25For the thing I greatly feared has come upon me, And what I dreaded has happened to me.

26I am not at ease, nor am I quiet; I have no rest, for trouble comes.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Job 3.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Job complains that he was born. (1–10). Job complaining. (11–19). He complains of his life. (20–26).

vv1-10

For seven days Job's friends sat by him in silence, without offering consolidation: at the same time Satan assaulted his mind to shake his confidence, and to fill him with hard thoughts of God. The permission seems to have extended to this, as well as to torturing the body. Job was an especial type of Christ, whose inward sufferings, both in the garden and on the cross, were the most dreadful; and arose in a great degree from the assaults of Satan in that hour of darkness. These inward trials show the reason of the change that took place in Job's conduct, from entire submission to the will of God, to the impatience which appears here, and in other parts of the book. The believer, who knows that a few drops of this bitter cup are more dreadful than the sharpest outward afflictions, while he is favoured with a sweet sense of the love and presence of God, will not be surprised to find that Job proved a man of like passions with others; but will rejoice that Satan was disappointed, and could not prove him a hypocrite; for though he cursed the day of his birth, he did not curse his God. Job doubtless was afterwards ashamed of these wishes, and we may suppose what must be his judgment of them now he is in everlasting happiness.

vv11-19

Job complained of those present at his birth, for their tender attention to him. No creature comes into the world so helpless as man. God's power and providence upheld our frail lives, and his pity and patience spared our forfeited lives. Natural affection is put into parents' hearts by God. To desire to die that we may be with Christ, that we may be free from sin, is the effect and evidence of grace; but to desire to die, only that we may be delivered from the troubles of this life, savours of corruption. It is our wisdom and duty to make the best of that which is, be it living or dying; and so to live to the Lord, and die to the Lord, as in both to be his, Ro 14:8. Observe how Job describes the repose of the grave; There the wicked cease from troubling. When persecutors die, they can no longer persecute. There the weary are at rest: in the grave they rest from all their labours. And a rest from sin, temptation, conflict, sorrows, and labours, remains in the presence and enjoyment of God. There believers rest in Jesus, nay, as far as we trust in the Lord Jesus and obey him, we here find rest to our souls, though in the world we have tribulation.

vv20-26

Job was like a man who had lost his way, and had no prospect of escape, or hope of better times. But surely he was in an ill frame for death when so unwilling to live. Let it be our constant care to get ready for another world, and then leave it to God to order our removal thither as he thinks fit. Grace teaches us in the midst of life's greatest comforts, to be willing to die, and in the midst of its greatest crosses, to be willing to live. Job's way was hid; he knew not wherefore God contended with him. The afflicted and tempted Christian knows something of this heaviness; when he has been looking too much at the things that are seen, some chastisement of his heavenly Father will give him a taste of this disgust of life, and a glance at these dark regions of despair. Nor is there any help until God shall restore to him the joys of his salvation. Blessed be God, the earth is full of his goodness, though full of man's wickedness. This life may be made tolerable if we attend to our duty. We look for eternal mercy, if willing to receive Christ as our Saviour.

Cross References

Job 3
v3Jeremiah 20:14allusion

Jeremiah curses his birth-day in language directly mirroring Job's passionate outburst here.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Jeremiah 20:15allusion

Parallels the specific mention of the report that a man-child was born.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v23Job 19:8thematic

Job repeats this exact complaint that God has hedged in his way so he cannot pass.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v5Job 10:21thematic

Job uses the same vivid phrase 'shadow of death' to describe the land of darkness.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v8Job 41:1thematic

Illuminates 'leviathan' as the monstrous creature that skilled sorcerers claim to rouse or curse.

Supported by JFB

v12Genesis 30:3thematic

Refers to the ancient custom of placing a newborn child upon the knees for recognition.

Supported by JFB

v12Genesis 50:23thematic

An example of children being brought up or recognized upon a father's knees.

Supported by JFB

v8Jeremiah 9:17thematic

Refers to the custom of employing professional, skilled mourners to lament.

Supported by JFB

v9Job 41:18thematic

Uses the identical poetic Hebrew idiom 'eyelashes of the morning' for the dawning light.

Supported by JFB

v11Jeremiah 20:17thematic

Jeremiah similarly laments that he was not slain in the womb to prevent seeing sorrow.

Supported by Matthew Poole

An untimely birth is described as better off than one who lives in prolonged sorrow.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Isaiah 66:12thematic

Mentions children being borne upon the sides and dandled upon the knees.

Supported by JFB

v21Revelation 9:6thematic

Describes the extreme misery of those who seek death but cannot find it.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v23Lamentations 3:7thematic

Lamentations echoes the metaphor of being hedged about so that one cannot get out.

Supported by Matthew Henry