Isaiah40
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1Comfort ye, comfort ye my people, saith your God.
2Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem; and cry unto her, that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned, that she hath received of Jehovah’s hand double for all her sins.
3The voice of one that crieth, Prepare ye in the wilderness the way of Jehovah; make level in the desert a highway for our God.
4Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low; and the uneven shall be made level, and the rough places a plain:
5and the glory of Jehovah shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together; for the mouth of Jehovah hath spoken it.
6The voice of one saying, Cry. And one said, What shall I cry? All flesh is grass, and all the goodliness thereof is as the flower of the field.
7The grass withereth, the flower fadeth, because the breath of Jehovah bloweth upon it; surely the people is grass.
8The grass withereth, the flower fadeth; but the word of our God shall stand forever.
9O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion, get thee up on a high mountain; O thou that tellest good tidings to Jerusalem, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold, your God!
10Behold, the Lord Jehovah will come as a mighty one, and his arm will rule for him: Behold, his reward is with him, and his recompense before him.
11He will feed his flock like a shepherd, he will gather the lambs in his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and will gently lead those that have their young.
12Who hath measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, and meted out heaven with the span, and comprehended the dust of the earth in a measure, and weighed the mountains in scales, and the hills in a balance?
13Who hath directed the Spirit of Jehovah, or being his counsellor hath taught him?
14With whom took he counsel, and who instructed him, and taught him in the path of justice, and taught him knowledge, and showed to him the way of understanding?
15Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are accounted as the small dust of the balance: behold, he taketh up the isles as a very little thing.
16And Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for a burnt-offering.
17All the nations are as nothing before him; they are accounted by him as less than nothing, and vanity.
18To whom then will ye liken God? or what likeness will ye compare unto him?
19The image, a workman hath cast it, and the goldsmith overlayeth it with gold, and casteth for it silver chains.
20He that is too impoverished for such an oblation chooseth a tree that will not rot; he seeketh unto him a skilful workman to set up a graven image, that shall not be moved.
21Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of the earth?
22It is he that sitteth above the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in;
23that bringeth princes to nothing; that maketh the judges of the earth as vanity.
24Yea, they have not been planted; yea, they have not been sown; yea, their stock hath not taken root in the earth: moreover he bloweth upon them, and they wither, and the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble.
25To whom then will ye liken me, that I should be equal to him? saith the Holy One.
26Lift up your eyes on high, and see who hath created these, that bringeth out their host by number; he calleth them all by name; by the greatness of his might, and for that he is strong in power, not one is lacking.
27Why sayest thou, O Jacob, and speakest, O Israel, My way is hid from Jehovah, and the justice due to me is passed away from my God?
28Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard? The everlasting God, Jehovah, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary; there is no searching of his understanding.
29He giveth power to the faint; and to him that hath no might he increaseth strength.
30Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall:
31but they that wait for Jehovah shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles; they shall run, and not be weary; they shall walk, and not faint.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Isaiah 40.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The preaching of the gospel, and glad tidings of the coming of Christ. (1-11). The almighty power of God. (12-17). The folly of idolatry. (18-26). Against unbelief. (27-31).
vv1-11
All human life is a warfare; the Christian life is the most so; but the struggle will not last always. Troubles are removed in love, when sin is pardoned. In the great atonement of the death of Christ, the mercy of God is exercised to the glory of his justice. In Christ, and his sufferings, true penitents receive of the Lord's hand double for all their sins; for the satisfaction Christ made by his death was of infinite value. The prophet had some reference to the return of the Jews from Babylon. But this is a small event, compared with that pointed out by the Holy Ghost in the New Testament, when John the Baptist proclaimed the approach of Christ. When eastern princes marched through desert countries, ways were prepared for them, and hinderances removed. And may the Lord prepare our hearts by the teaching of his word and the convictions of his Spirit, that high and proud thoughts may be brought down, good desires planted, crooked and rugged tempers made straight and softened, and every hinderance removed, that we may be ready for his will on earth, and prepared for his heavenly kingdom. What are all that belongs to fallen man, or all that he does, but as the grass and the flower thereof! And what will all the titles and possessions of a dying sinner avail, when they leave him under condemnation! The word of the Lord can do that for us, which all flesh cannot. The glad tidings of the coming of Christ were to be sent forth to the ends of the earth. Satan is the strong man armed; but our Lord Jesus is stronger; and he shall proceed, and do all that he purposes. Christ is the good Shepherd; he shows tender care for young converts, weak believers, and those of a sorrowful spirit. By his word he requires no more service, and by his providence he inflicts no more trouble, than he will strengthen them for. May we know our Shepherd's voice, and follow him, proving ourselves his sheep.
vv12-17
All created beings shrink to nothing in comparison with the Creator. When the Lord, by his Spirit, made the world, none directed his Spirit, or gave advice what to do, or how to do it. The nations, in comparison of him, are as a drop which remains in the bucket, compared with the vast ocean; or as the small dust in the balance, which does not turn it, compared with all the earth. This magnifies God's love to the world, that, though it is of such small account and value with him, yet, for the redemption of it, he gave his only-begotten Son, John 3:16. The services of the church can make no addition to him. Our souls must have perished for ever, if the only Son of the Father had not given himself for us.
vv18-26
Whatever we esteem or love, fear or hope in, more than God, that creature we make equal with God, though we do not make images or worship them. He that is so poor, that he has scarcely a sacrifice to offer, yet will not be without a god of his own. They spared no cost upon their idols; we grudge what is spent in the service of our God. To prove the greatness of God, the prophet appeals to all ages and nations. Those who are ignorant of this, are willingly ignorant. God has the command of all creatures, and of all created things. The prophet directs us to use our reason as well as our senses; to consider who created the hosts of heaven, and to pay our homage to Him. Not one fails to fulfil his will. And let us not forget, that He spake all the promises, and engaged to perform them.
Key Words
נָחַם: properly, to sigh, i.e. breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e. (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavorably) to avenge (oneself)
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
לֵב: the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
קָרָא: to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
כִּי: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
צָבָא: a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized forwar (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship)
Cross References
Isaiah 40Direct fulfillment of the voice crying in the wilderness to prepare the way of the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Luke quotes the full prophecy of valleys filled and mountains made low in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Peter quotes this passage to contrast human frailty with the enduring word of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Jesus identifies as the Good Shepherd who feeds, gathers, and protects his flock.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Paul quotes these rhetorical questions regarding who has directed or counseled the Spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Prophetic parallel of a messenger sent to prepare the way before the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Mark opens his Gospel by citing this wilderness cry fulfilled in John.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel proclamation of good tidings to Zion and the direct declaration, 'Behold your God!'
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Echoes 'his reward is with him' to describe Christ's triumphant return.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Prophecy of the one Shepherd who will feed God's covenant flock.
Supported by JFB
Nebuchadnezzar confesses that all inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing before God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Repeats the core polemical question against idolatry: 'To whom will ye liken me?'
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the sarcastic description of men crafting helpless, immobile wooden idols.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Creation visible to human eyes leaves men without excuse for ignoring God's power.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The underlying covenant relation ('my people... your God') as the basis of comfort.
Supported by JFB
The fullness of time when the legal era of bondage was accomplished.
Supported by JFB
The wind passing over human flesh, causing it to wither like grass.
Supported by John Calvin
Rhetorical challenge regarding who laid the earth's foundations and measured the waters.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Detailed satire on choosing a tree and making an idol from the same wood.
Supported by Matthew Henry
New Testament parallel where God's power is made perfect in human weakness.
Supported by Matthew Henry