Philippians2
New American Standard
1Therefore if there is any encouragement in Christ, if any consolation of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any affection and compassion,
2make my joy complete by being of the same mind, maintaining the same love, united in spirit, intent on one purpose.
3Do nothing from selfishness or empty conceit, but with humility consider one another as more important than yourselves;
4do not merely look out for your own personal interests, but also for the interests of others.
5Have this attitude in yourselves which was also in Christ Jesus,
6who, as He already existed in the form of God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped,
7but emptied Himself by taking the form of a bond-servant and being born in the likeness of men.
8And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death: death on a cross.
9For this reason also God highly exalted Him, and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name,
10so that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow, of those who are in heaven and on earth and under the earth,
11and that every tongue will confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
12So then, my beloved, just as you have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling;
13for it is God who is at work in you, both to desire and to work for His good pleasure.
14Do all things without complaining or arguments;
15so that you will prove yourselves to be blameless and innocent, children of God above reproach in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom you appear as lights in the world,
16holding firmly the word of life, so that on the day of Christ I can take pride because I did not run in vain nor labor in vain.
17But even if I am being poured out as a drink offering upon the sacrifice and service of your faith, I rejoice and share my joy with you all.
18You too, I urge you, rejoice in the same way and share your joy with me.
19But I hope, in the Lord Jesus, to send Timothy to you shortly, so that I also may be encouraged when I learn of your condition.
20For I have no one else of kindred spirit who will genuinely be concerned for your welfare.
21For they all seek after their own interests, not those of Christ Jesus.
22But you know of his proven character, that he served with me in the furtherance of the gospel like a child serving his father.
23Therefore I hope to send him immediately, as soon as I see how things go with me;
24and I trust in the Lord that I myself will also be coming shortly.
25But I thought it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus, my brother and fellow worker and fellow soldier, who is also your messenger and minister to my need,
26because he was longing for you all and was distressed because you had heard that he was sick.
27For indeed he was sick to the point of death, but God had mercy on him, and not only on him but also on me, so that I would not have sorrow upon sorrow.
28Therefore I have sent him all the more eagerly, so that when you see him again you may rejoice and I may be less concerned about you.
29Receive him then in the Lord with all joy, and hold people like him in high regard,
30because he came close to death for the work of Christ, risking his life to compensate for your absence in your service to me.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Philippians 2.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Exhortations to a kind, humble spirit and behaviour. (1–4). The example of Christ. (5–11). Diligence in the affairs of salvation, and to be examples to the world. (12–18). The apostle's purpose of visiting Philippi. (19–30).
vv1-4
Here are further exhortations to Christian duties; to like-mindedness and lowly-mindedness, according to the example of the Lord Jesus. Kindness is the law of Christ's kingdom, the lesson of his school, the livery of his family. Several motives to brotherly love are mentioned. If you expect or experience the benefit of God's compassions to yourselves, be compassionate one to another. It is the joy of ministers to see people like-minded. Christ came to humble us, let there not be among us a spirit of pride. We must be severe upon our own faults, and quick in observing our own defects, but ready to make favourable allowances for others. We must kindly care for others, but not be busy-bodies in other men's matters. Neither inward nor outward peace can be enjoyed, without lowliness of mind.
vv5-11
The example of our Lord Jesus Christ is set before us. We must resemble him in his life, if we would have the benefit of his death. Notice the two natures of Christ; his Divine nature, and human nature. Who being in the form of God, partaking the Divine nature, as the eternal and only-begotten Son of God, Joh 1:1, had not thought it a robbery to be equal with God, and to receive Divine worship from men. His human nature; herein he became like us in all things except sin. Thus low, of his own will, he stooped from the glory he had with the Father before the world was. Christ's two states, of humiliation and exaltation, are noticed. Christ not only took upon him the likeness and fashion, or form of a man, but of one in a low state; not appearing in splendour. His whole life was a life of poverty and suffering. But the lowest step was his dying the death of the cross, the death of a malefactor and a slave; exposed to public hatred and scorn. The exaltation was of Christ's human nature, in union with the Divine. At the name of Jesus, not the mere sound of the word, but the authority of Jesus, all should pay solemn homage. It is to the glory of God the Father, to confess that Jesus Christ is Lord; for it is his will, that all men should honour the Son as they honour the Father, Joh 5:23. Here we see such motives to self-denying love as nothing else can supply. Do we thus love and obey the Son of God?
vv12-18
We must be diligent in the use of all the means which lead to our salvation, persevering therein to the end. With great care, lest, with all our advantages, we should come short. Work out your salvation, for it is God who worketh in you. This encourages us to do our utmost, because our labour shall not be in vain: we must still depend on the grace of God. The working of God's grace in us, is to quicken and engage our endeavours. God's good-will to us, is the cause of his good work in us. Do your duty without murmurings. Do it, and do not find fault with it. Mind your work, and do not quarrel with it. By peaceableness; give no just occasion of offence. The children of God should differ from the sons of men. The more perverse others are, the more careful we should be to keep ourselves blameless and harmless. The doctrine and example of consistent believers will enlighten others, and direct their way to Christ and holiness, even as the light-house warns mariners to avoid rocks, and directs their course into the harbour. Let us try thus to shine. The gospel is the word of life, it makes known to us eternal life through Jesus Christ. Running, denotes earnestness and vigour, continual pressing forward; labouring, denotes constancy, and close application. It is the will of God that believers should be much in rejoicing; and those who are so happy as to have good ministers, have great reason to rejoice with them. (Php 2:19-30)
Key Words
οὖν (oûn): (adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
τὶς (tìs): some or any person or object
παράκλησις (paráklēsis): imploration, hortation, solace
ἐν (en): "in," at, (up-)on, by, etc.
Χριστός (Christós): anointed, i.e. the Messiah, an epithet of Jesus
παραμύθιον (paramýthion): consolation (properly, concretely)
ἀγάπη (agápē): love, i.e. affection or benevolence; specially (plural) a love-feast
εἴ τις (eí tis): if any
κοινωνία (koinōnía): partnership, i.e. (literally) participation, or (social) intercourse, or (pecuniary) benefaction
πνεῦμα (pneûma): a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e. (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital principle, mental disposition, etc., or (superhuman) an angel, demon, or (divine) God, Christ's spirit, the Holy Spirit
Cross References
Philippians 2Paul adapts Yahweh's oath that every knee will bow and tongue confess to describe Jesus Christ's exaltation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallels 'form of God' with Christ as the 'image of the invisible God' prior to creation.
Supported by JFB
Confessing Jesus as Lord to God's glory aligns with honoring the Son as the Father.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Demas exemplifies seeking his own by forsaking Paul, loving this present world.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identical Greek phrase and concept for supplying a lack of service to the Apostle.
Supported by JFB
Verbatim verbal parallel to the 'fellowship of the Spirit' (communion of the Holy Ghost).
Supported by JFB
Christ's own invitation to learn from Him, being 'meek and lowly in heart'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Christ as the ultimate ethical pattern, who 'pleased not himself' but bore our reproaches.
Supported by JFB
True Christian charity contrasted with self-seeking; love 'seeketh not her own.'
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the idea of ministering to Paul in bonds in the stead of a church.
Supported by JFB
The Baptist's joy made full/fulfilled parallels Paul's plea to 'fulfil ye my joy'.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Parallels 'let each esteem other better' with 'in honour preferring one another'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrasts lowliness with being 'desirous of vain-glory, provoking one another, envying one another'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The eternal Word existing with God and being God grounds Christ's divine 'form'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The glory Christ had with the Father before the world matches His pre-incarnate divine status.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Illustrates the 'form of a servant'—the Son of man came to minister, not be ministered to.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul's other explicit citation of the Isaiah 45:23 oath of universal subjection to God.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's mutual longing and desire to see his co-laborers, remembering their tears.
Supported by JFB
Elaborates on the instruction to 'hold such in reputation' as worthy of double honor.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Priscilla and Aquila similarly risked their own necks and lives for Paul's ministry.
Supported by JFB
Echoes 'bowels and mercies' as the essential clothing of the elect of God.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's parallel expression of trust that he will be released to visit soon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Defines the role and title of 'messengers of the churches' (apostoloi) in ministry.
Supported by JFB