Deuteronomy 2NKJV
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Deuteronomy2

New King James Version

1“Then we turned and journeyed into the wilderness of the Way of the Red Sea, as the Lord spoke to me, and we skirted Mount Seir for many days.

2“And the Lord spoke to me, saying:

3‘You have skirted this mountain long enough; turn northward.

4And command the people, saying, “You are about to pass through the territory of your brethren, the descendants of Esau, who live in Seir; and they will be afraid of you. Therefore watch yourselves carefully.

5Do not meddle with them, for I will not give you any of their land, no, not so much as one footstep, because I have given Mount Seir to Esau as a possession.

6You shall buy food from them with money, that you may eat; and you shall also buy water from them with money, that you may drink.

7“For the Lord your God has blessed you in all the work of your hand. He knows your trudging through this great wilderness. These forty years the Lord your God has been with you; you have lacked nothing.” ’

8“And when we passed beyond our brethren, the descendants of Esau who dwell in Seir, away from the road of the plain, away from Elath and Ezion Geber, we turned and passed by way of the Wilderness of Moab.

9Then the Lord said to me, ‘Do not harass Moab, nor contend with them in battle, for I will not give you any of their land as a possession, because I have given Ar to the descendants of Lot as a possession.’ ”

10(The Emim had dwelt there in times past, a people as great and numerous and tall as the Anakim.

11They were also regarded as giants, like the Anakim, but the Moabites call them Emim.

12The Horites formerly dwelt in Seir, but the descendants of Esau dispossessed them and destroyed them from before them, and dwelt in their place, just as Israel did to the land of their possession which the Lord gave them.)

13“ ‘Now rise and cross over the Valley of the Zered.’ So we crossed over the Valley of the Zered.

14And the time we took to come from Kadesh Barnea until we crossed over the Valley of the Zered was thirty-eight years, until all the generation of the men of war was consumed from the midst of the camp, just as the Lord had sworn to them.

15For indeed the hand of the Lord was against them, to destroy them from the midst of the camp until they were consumed.

16“So it was, when all the men of war had finally perished from among the people,

17that the Lord spoke to me, saying:

18‘This day you are to cross over at Ar, the boundary of Moab.

19And when you come near the people of Ammon, do not harass them or meddle with them, for I will not give you any of the land of the people of Ammon as a possession, because I have given it to the descendants of Lot as a possession.’ ”

20(That was also regarded as a land of giants; giants formerly dwelt there. But the Ammonites call them Zamzummim,

21a people as great and numerous and tall as the Anakim. But the Lord destroyed them before them, and they dispossessed them and dwelt in their place,

22just as He had done for the descendants of Esau, who dwelt in Seir, when He destroyed the Horites from before them. They dispossessed them and dwelt in their place, even to this day.

23And the Avim, who dwelt in villages as far as Gaza—the Caphtorim, who came from Caphtor, destroyed them and dwelt in their place.)

24“ ‘Rise, take your journey, and cross over the River Arnon. Look, I have given into your hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land. Begin to possess it, and engage him in battle.

25This day I will begin to put the dread and fear of you upon the nations under the whole heaven, who shall hear the report of you, and shall tremble and be in anguish because of you.’

26“And I sent messengers from the Wilderness of Kedemoth to Sihon king of Heshbon, with words of peace, saying,

27‘Let me pass through your land; I will keep strictly to the road, and I will turn neither to the right nor to the left.

28You shall sell me food for money, that I may eat, and give me water for money, that I may drink; only let me pass through on foot,

29just as the descendants of Esau who dwell in Seir and the Moabites who dwell in Ar did for me, until I cross the Jordan to the land which the Lord our God is giving us.’

30“But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass through, for the Lord your God hardened his spirit and made his heart obstinate, that He might deliver him into your hand, as it is this day.

31“And the Lord said to me, ‘See, I have begun to give Sihon and his land over to you. Begin to possess it, that you may inherit his land.’

32Then Sihon and all his people came out against us to fight at Jahaz.

33And the Lord our God delivered him over to us; so we defeated him, his sons, and all his people.

34We took all his cities at that time, and we utterly destroyed the men, women, and little ones of every city; we left none remaining.

35We took only the livestock as plunder for ourselves, with the spoil of the cities which we took.

36From Aroer, which is on the bank of the River Arnon, and from the city that is in the ravine, as far as Gilead, there was not one city too strong for us; the Lord our God delivered all to us.

37Only you did not go near the land of the people of Ammon—anywhere along the River Jabbok, or to the cities of the mountains, or wherever the Lord our God had forbidden us.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 2.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Edomites to be spared. (1–7). The Moabites and Ammonites to be spared. (8–23). The Amorites to be destroyed. (24–37).

vv1-7

Only a short account of the long stay of Israel in the wilderness is given. God not only chastised them for their murmuring and unbelief, but prepared them for Canaan; by humbling them for sin, teaching them to mortify their lusts, to follow God, and to comfort themselves in him. Though Israel may be long kept waiting for deliverance and enlargement, it will come at last. Before God brought Israel to destroy their enemies in Canaan, he taught them to forgive their enemies in Edom. They must not, under pretence of God's covenant and conduct, think to seize all they could lay hands on. Dominion is not founded in grace. God's Israel shall be well placed, but must not expect to be placed alone in the midst of the earth. Religion must never be made a cloak for injustice. Scorn to be beholden to Edomites, when thou hast an all-sufficient God to depend upon. Use what thou hast, use it cheerfully. Thou hast experienced the care of the Divine providence, never use any crooked methods for thy supply. All this is equally to be applied to the experience of the believer.

vv8-23

We have the origin of the Moabites, Edomites, and Ammonites. Moses also gives an instance older than any of these; the Caphtorims drove the Avims out of their country. These revolutions show what uncertain things wordly possessions are. It was so of old, and ever will be so. Families decline, and from them estates are transferred to families that increase; so little continuance is there in these things. This is recorded to encourage the children of Israel. If the providence of God has done this for Moabites and Ammonites, much more would his promise do it for Israel, his peculiar people. Cautions are given not to meddle with Moabites and Ammonites. Even wicked men must not be wronged. God gives and preserves outward blessings to wicked men; these are not the best things, he has better in store for his own children.

vv24-37

God tried his people, by forbidding them to meddle with the rich countries of Moab and Ammon. He gives them possession of the country of the Amorites. If we keep from what God forbids, we shall not lose by our obedience. The earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof; and he gives it to whom he pleases; but when there is no express direction, none can plead his grant for such proceedings. Though God assured the Israelites that the land should be their own, yet they must contend with the enemy. What God gives we must endeavour to get. What a new world did Israel now come into! Much more joyful will the change be, which holy souls will experience, when they remove out of the wilderness of this world to the better country, that is, the heavenly, to the city that has foundations. Let us, by reflecting upon God's dealings with his people Israel, be led to meditate upon our years spent in vanity, through our transgressions. But happy are those whom Jesus has delivered from the wrath to come. To whom he hath given the earnest of his Spirit in their hearts. Their inheritance cannot be affected by revolutions of kingdoms, or changes in earthly possessions.

Cross References

Deuteronomy 2

Details the background embassy of Israel requesting passage through Edom and their initial refusal.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v9Genesis 19:37thematic

Explains the origin of the Moabites from Lot, whom God protected for Lot's sake.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v10Genesis 14:5thematic

Identifies the ancient giants (Emims) conquered by the Moabites, mirroring God's historical sovereignty.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Genesis 14:6thematic

Mentions the original Horims in Mount Seir before they were dispossessed by Esau's descendants.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v14Numbers 14:28-35fulfillment

Fulfillment of God's oath that the rebellious wilderness generation would die before entering Canaan.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v19Genesis 19:38thematic

Identifies the Ammonites as descendants of Lot, justifying the prohibition against molesting them.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Genesis 36:8thematic

Identifies Esau's divinely appointed possession of Mount Seir, which Israel was forbidden to seize.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Echoes the theme of divine provision and preservation during the forty years in the wilderness.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v13Numbers 21:12thematic

Corresponds to the historical itinerary crossing the brook Zered, ending the 38-year wandering.

Supported by JFB

v33Numbers 21:24fulfillment

The historical account of Israel defeating Sihon and possessing his land from Arnon to Jabbok.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Demonstrates obedience to the law of warfare by first offering peace before engaging in battle.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v30Exodus 4:21thematic

Parallels God hardening Pharaoh's heart with His hardening of Sihon's heart to deliver him to judgment.

Supported by Matthew Poole