John10
New King James Version
1“Most assuredly, I say to you, he who does not enter the sheepfold by the door, but climbs up some other way, the same is a thief and a robber.
2But he who enters by the door is the shepherd of the sheep.
3To him the doorkeeper opens, and the sheep hear his voice; and he calls his own sheep by name and leads them out.
4And when he brings out his own sheep, he goes before them; and the sheep follow him, for they know his voice.
5Yet they will by no means follow a stranger, but will flee from him, for they do not know the voice of strangers.”
6Jesus used this illustration, but they did not understand the things which He spoke to them.
7Then Jesus said to them again, “Most assuredly, I say to you, I am the door of the sheep.
8All who ever came before Me are thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not hear them.
9I am the door. If anyone enters by Me, he will be saved, and will go in and out and find pasture.
10The thief does not come except to steal, and to kill, and to destroy. I have come that they may have life, and that they may have it more abundantly.
11“I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd gives His life for the sheep.
12But a hireling, he who is not the shepherd, one who does not own the sheep, sees the wolf coming and leaves the sheep and flees; and the wolf catches the sheep and scatters them.
13The hireling flees because he is a hireling and does not care about the sheep.
14I am the good shepherd; and I know My sheep, and am known by My own.
15As the Father knows Me, even so I know the Father; and I lay down My life for the sheep.
16And other sheep I have which are not of this fold; them also I must bring, and they will hear My voice; and there will be one flock and one shepherd.
17“Therefore My Father loves Me, because I lay down My life that I may take it again.
18No one takes it from Me, but I lay it down of Myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This command I have received from My Father.”
19Therefore there was a division again among the Jews because of these sayings.
20And many of them said, “He has a demon and is mad. Why do you listen to Him?”
21Others said, “These are not the words of one who has a demon. Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?”
22Now it was the Feast of Dedication in Jerusalem, and it was winter.
23And Jesus walked in the temple, in Solomon’s porch.
24Then the Jews surrounded Him and said to Him, “How long do You keep us in doubt? If You are the Christ, tell us plainly.”
25Jesus answered them, “I told you, and you do not believe. The works that I do in My Father’s name, they bear witness of Me.
26But you do not believe, because you are not of My sheep, as I said to you.
27My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me.
28And I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; neither shall anyone snatch them out of My hand.
29My Father, who has given them to Me, is greater than all; and no one is able to snatch them out of My Father’s hand.
30I and My Father are one.”
31Then the Jews took up stones again to stone Him.
32Jesus answered them, “Many good works I have shown you from My Father. For which of those works do you stone Me?”
33The Jews answered Him, saying, “For a good work we do not stone You, but for blasphemy, and because You, being a Man, make Yourself God.”
34Jesus answered them, “Is it not written in your law, ‘I said, “You are gods” ’?
35If He called them gods, to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture cannot be broken),
36do you say of Him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’?
37If I do not do the works of My Father, do not believe Me;
38but if I do, though you do not believe Me, believe the works, that you may know and believe that the Father is in Me, and I in Him.”
39Therefore they sought again to seize Him, but He escaped out of their hand.
40And He went away again beyond the Jordan to the place where John was baptizing at first, and there He stayed.
41Then many came to Him and said, “John performed no sign, but all the things that John spoke about this Man were true.”
42And many believed in Him there.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for John 10.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The parable of the good shepherd. (1–5). Christ the Door. (6–9). Christ the good Shepherd. (10–18). The Jews' opinion concerning Jesus. (19–21). His discourse at the feast of dedication. (22–30). The Jews attempt to stone Jesus. (31–38). He departs from Jerusalem. (39–42).
vv1-5
Here is a parable or similitude, taken from the customs of the East, in the management of sheep. Men, as creatures depending on their Creator, are called the sheep of his pasture. The church of God in the world is as a sheep-fold, exposed to deceivers and persecutors. The great Shepherd of the sheep knows all that are his, guards them by his providence, guides them by his Spirit and word, and goes before them, as the Eastern shepherds went before their sheep, to set them in the way of his steps. Ministers must serve the sheep in their spiritual concerns. The Spirit of Christ will set before them an open door. The sheep of Christ will observe their Shepherd, and be cautious and shy of strangers, who would draw them from faith in him to fancies about him.
vv6-9
Many who hear the word of Christ, do not understand it, because they will not. But we shall find one scripture expounding another, and the blessed Spirit making known the blessed Jesus. Christ is the Door. And what greater security has the church of God than that the Lord Jesus is between it and all its enemies? He is a door open for passage and communication. Here are plain directions how to come into the fold; we must come in by Jesus Christ as the Door. By faith in him as the great Mediator between God and man. Also, we have precious promises to those that observe this direction. Christ has all that care of his church, and every believer, which a good shepherd has of his flock; and he expects the church, and every believer, to wait on him, and to keep in his pasture.
vv10-18
Christ is a good Shepherd; many who were not thieves, yet were careless in their duty, and by their neglect the flock was much hurt. Bad principles are the root of bad practices. The Lord Jesus knows whom he has chosen, and is sure of them; they also know whom they have trusted, and are sure of Him. See here the grace of Christ; since none could demand his life of him, he laid it down of himself for our redemption. He offered himself to be the Saviour; Lo, I come. And the necessity of our case calling for it, he offered himself for the Sacrifice. He was both the offerer and the offering, so that his laying down his life was his offering up himself. From hence it is plain, that he died in the place and stead of men; to obtain their being set free from the punishment of sin, to obtain the pardon of their sin; and that his death should obtain that pardon. Our Lord laid not his life down for his doctrine, but for his sheep.
Key Words
ἀμήν (amḗn): properly, firm, i.e. (figuratively) trustworthy; adverbially, surely (often as interjection, so be it)
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
ὑμῖν (hymîn): to (with or by) you
μή (mḗ): (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas G3756 (οὐ) expects an affirmative one)) whether
εἰσέρχομαι (eisérchomai): to enter (literally or figuratively)
εἰς (eis): to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
πρόβατον (próbaton): something that walks forward (a quadruped), i.e. (specially), a sheep (literally or figuratively)
διά (diá): through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)
ἀλλά (allá): properly, other things, i.e. (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
ἀναβαίνω (anabaínō): to go up (literally or figuratively)
Cross References
John 10Directly quoted by Jesus ('I said, Ye are gods') to defend His claim as Son of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Messianic prophecy of the one Shepherd whom God would set up over His flock.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Prophecy of the Shepherd of the Lord (His Fellow) being smitten for the sheep.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Explains 'other sheep' as gathering together in one the children of God scattered abroad.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Parallels the Jews' reaction to Christ's claims of divine oneness, charging Him with blasphemy.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Old Testament background condemning false shepherds who feed themselves and scatter the flock.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Expounds the metaphor of 'the door' as Jesus being the exclusive way to the Father.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The classic Old Testament identification of Jehovah as the personal, caring Shepherd.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Prophetic portrait of the Messiah gently feeding, gathering, and leading His flock.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Apostolic designation of Jesus as 'that great Shepherd of the sheep' through His blood.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel on God's secure, mutual knowledge: 'The Lord knoweth them that are his.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of making 'one fold' by breaking down the middle wall of partition.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Refers back to the division among the Pharisees concerning Jesus' miracles.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Previous instance where the Jews took up stones to stone Jesus for claiming divinity.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Instruction to under-shepherds to feed the church of God, purchased with His blood.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Describes believers returning unto the 'Shepherd and Bishop' of their souls.
Supported by John Calvin
Locates the post-resurrection ministry of the apostles in the same 'Solomon's porch' location.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jesus prays for the keeping of His sheep, grounded in their oneness.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Mosaic law commanding stoning as the legal penalty for blasphemy.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies the place 'beyond Jordan' where John originally baptized.
Supported by Matthew Poole