Ezekiel34
New King James Version
1And the word of the Lord came to me, saying,
2“Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel, prophesy and say to them, ‘Thus says the Lord God to the shepherds: “Woe to the shepherds of Israel who feed themselves! Should not the shepherds feed the flocks?
3You eat the fat and clothe yourselves with the wool; you slaughter the fatlings, but you do not feed the flock.
4The weak you have not strengthened, nor have you healed those who were sick, nor bound up the broken, nor brought back what was driven away, nor sought what was lost; but with force and cruelty you have ruled them.
5So they were scattered because there was no shepherd; and they became food for all the beasts of the field when they were scattered.
6My sheep wandered through all the mountains, and on every high hill; yes, My flock was scattered over the whole face of the earth, and no one was seeking or searching for them.”
7‘Therefore, you shepherds, hear the word of the Lord:
8“As I live,” says the Lord God, “surely because My flock became a prey, and My flock became food for every beast of the field, because there was no shepherd, nor did My shepherds search for My flock, but the shepherds fed themselves and did not feed My flock”—
9therefore, O shepherds, hear the word of the Lord!
10Thus says the Lord God: “Behold, I am against the shepherds, and I will require My flock at their hand; I will cause them to cease feeding the sheep, and the shepherds shall feed themselves no more; for I will deliver My flock from their mouths, that they may no longer be food for them.”
11‘For thus says the Lord God: “Indeed I Myself will search for My sheep and seek them out.
12As a shepherd seeks out his flock on the day he is among his scattered sheep, so will I seek out My sheep and deliver them from all the places where they were scattered on a cloudy and dark day.
13And I will bring them out from the peoples and gather them from the countries, and will bring them to their own land; I will feed them on the mountains of Israel, in the valleys and in all the inhabited places of the country.
14I will feed them in good pasture, and their fold shall be on the high mountains of Israel. There they shall lie down in a good fold and feed in rich pasture on the mountains of Israel.
15I will feed My flock, and I will make them lie down,” says the Lord God.
16“I will seek what was lost and bring back what was driven away, bind up the broken and strengthen what was sick; but I will destroy the fat and the strong, and feed them in judgment.”
17‘And as for you, O My flock, thus says the Lord God: “Behold, I shall judge between sheep and sheep, between rams and goats.
18Is it too little for you to have eaten up the good pasture, that you must tread down with your feet the residue of your pasture—and to have drunk of the clear waters, that you must foul the residue with your feet?
19And as for My flock, they eat what you have trampled with your feet, and they drink what you have fouled with your feet.”
20‘Therefore thus says the Lord God to them: “Behold, I Myself will judge between the fat and the lean sheep.
21Because you have pushed with side and shoulder, butted all the weak ones with your horns, and scattered them abroad,
22therefore I will save My flock, and they shall no longer be a prey; and I will judge between sheep and sheep.
23I will establish one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them—My servant David. He shall feed them and be their shepherd.
24And I, the Lord, will be their God, and My servant David a prince among them; I, the Lord, have spoken.
25“I will make a covenant of peace with them, and cause wild beasts to cease from the land; and they will dwell safely in the wilderness and sleep in the woods.
26I will make them and the places all around My hill a blessing; and I will cause showers to come down in their season; there shall be showers of blessing.
27Then the trees of the field shall yield their fruit, and the earth shall yield her increase. They shall be safe in their land; and they shall know that I am the Lord, when I have broken the bands of their yoke and delivered them from the hand of those who enslaved them.
28And they shall no longer be a prey for the nations, nor shall beasts of the land devour them; but they shall dwell safely, and no one shall make them afraid.
29I will raise up for them a garden of renown, and they shall no longer be consumed with hunger in the land, nor bear the shame of the Gentiles anymore.
30Thus they shall know that I, the Lord their God, am with them, and they, the house of Israel, are My people,” says the Lord God.’
31“You are My flock, the flock of My pasture; you are men, and I am your God,” says the Lord God.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 34.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The rulers reproved. (1-6). The people are to be restored to their own land. (7-16). The kingdom of Christ. (17-31).
vv1-6
The people became as sheep without a shepherd, were given up as a prey to their enemies, and the land was utterly desolated. No rank or office can exempt from the reproofs of God's word, men who neglect their duty, and abuse the trust reposed in them.
vv7-16
The Lord declared that he intended mercy towards the scattered flock. Doubtless this, in the first place, had reference to the restoration of the Jews. It also represented the good Shepherd's tender care of the souls of his people. He finds them in their days of darkness and ignorance, and brings them to his fold. He comes to their relief in times of persecution and temptation. He leads them in the ways of righteousness, and causes them to rest on his love and faithfulness. The proud and self-sufficient, are enemies of the true gospel and of believers; against such we must guard. He has rest for disquieted saints, and terror for presumptuous sinners.
vv17-31
The whole nation seemed to be the Lord's flock, yet they were very different characters; but he knew how to distinguish between them. By good pastures and deep waters, are meant the pure word of God and the dispensing of justice. The latter verses, 23-31, prophesy of Christ, and of the most glorious times of his church on earth. Under Him, as the good Shepherd, the church would be a blessing to all around. Christ, though excellent in himself, was as a tender plant out of a dry ground. Being the Tree of life, bearing all the fruits of salvation, he yields spiritual food to the souls of his people. Our constant desire and prayer should be, that there may be showers of blessings in every place where the truth of Christ is preached; and that all who profess the gospel may be filled with fruits of righteousness.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אָדָם: ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
נָבָא: to prophesy, i.e. speak (or sing) by inspiration (in prediction or simple discourse)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
רָעָה: to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אֲדֹנָי: the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
Cross References
Ezekiel 34Jesus directly claims the Good Shepherd identity, fulfilling the promise of the one shepherd.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel denunciation of the false shepherds of Israel before the promise of the Messiah.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic woe pronounced on the idle, worthless shepherd who deserts and harms the flock.
Supported by JFB
Prophecy of Yahweh Himself feeding His flock, gathering lambs, and gently leading the weak.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel prophecy in Ezekiel identifying the future one king and shepherd as 'my servant David'.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Exhortation to Christian elders to feed the flock willingly, not for filthy lucre or by constraint.
Supported by JFB
Parallel description of rulers eating the flesh of the people and flaying their skin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jesus' parable of the lost sheep fulfills God's promise to seek out the lost.
Supported by JFB
Jesus views the crowds with compassion because they are scattered as sheep without a shepherd.
Supported by JFB
The classic depiction of Jehovah as the Shepherd who feeds, leads, and restores His sheep.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Messianic promise of a righteous Branch raised up unto David to reign as a wise King.
Supported by JFB
The 'force' and 'cruelty' of the false shepherds echoes the Egyptian bondage of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
God promises to gather the remnant of His flock out of all countries.
Supported by JFB
Contrast of Jeshurun waxing fat and kicking, illustrating the wantonness of the strong cattle.
Supported by JFB
The Son of Man separates sheep from goats, echoing God's judgment between cattle.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel promise of an everlasting covenant of peace and a sanctuary in their midst.
Supported by Matthew Henry
A covenant making them lie down safely, free from wild beasts and war.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Covenant promise of rain in due season and the land yielding increase.
Supported by Matthew Poole
New Testament benediction identifying Jesus as the great Shepherd of the sheep.
Supported by JFB
Christ as a tender plant out of a dry ground, relating to the plant of renown.
Supported by Matthew Henry