Ezekiel34
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Yahweh’s word came to me, saying,
2“Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel. Prophesy, and tell them, even the shepherds, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Woe to the shepherds of Israel who feed themselves! Shouldn’t the shepherds feed the sheep?
3You eat the fat. You clothe yourself with the wool. You kill the fatlings, but you don’t feed the sheep.
4You haven’t strengthened the diseased. You haven’t healed that which was sick. You haven’t bound up that which was broken. You haven’t brought back that which was driven away. You haven’t sought that which was lost, but you have ruled over them with force and with rigor.
5They were scattered, because there was no shepherd. They became food to all the animals of the field, and were scattered.
6My sheep wandered through all the mountains and on every high hill. Yes, my sheep were scattered on all the surface of the earth. There was no one who searched or sought.”
7“‘Therefore, you shepherds, hear Yahweh’s word:
8“As I live,” says the Lord Yahweh, “surely because my sheep became a prey, and my sheep became food to all the animals of the field, because there was no shepherd, and my shepherds didn’t search for my sheep, but the shepherds fed themselves, and didn’t feed my sheep,
9therefore, you shepherds, hear Yahweh’s word!”
10The Lord Yahweh says: “Behold, I am against the shepherds. I will require my sheep at their hand, and cause them to cease from feeding the sheep. The shepherds won’t feed themselves any more. I will deliver my sheep from their mouth, that they may not be food for them.”
11“‘For the Lord Yahweh says: “Behold, I myself, even I, will search for my sheep, and will seek them out.
12As a shepherd seeks out his flock in the day that he is among his sheep that are scattered abroad, so I will seek out my sheep. I will deliver them out of all places where they have been scattered in the cloudy and dark day.
13I will bring them out from the peoples, and gather them from the countries, and will bring them into their own land. I will feed them on the mountains of Israel, by the watercourses, and in all the inhabited places of the country.
14I will feed them with good pasture, and their fold will be on the mountains of the height of Israel. There they will lie down in a good fold. They will feed on rich pasture on the mountains of Israel.
15I myself will be the shepherd of my sheep, and I will cause them to lie down,” says the Lord Yahweh.
16“I will seek that which was lost, and will bring back that which was driven away, and will bind up that which was broken, and will strengthen that which was sick; but I will destroy the fat and the strong. I will feed them in justice.”’
17“As for you, O my flock, the Lord Yahweh says: ‘Behold, I judge between sheep and sheep, the rams and the male goats.
18Does it seem a small thing to you to have fed on the good pasture, but you must tread down with your feet the residue of your pasture? And to have drunk of the clear waters, but must you foul the residue with your feet?
19As for my sheep, they eat that which you have trodden with your feet, and they drink that which you have fouled with your feet.’
20“Therefore the Lord Yahweh says to them: ‘Behold, I, even I, will judge between the fat sheep and the lean sheep.
21Because you thrust with side and with shoulder, and push all the diseased with your horns, until you have scattered them abroad,
22therefore I will save my flock, and they will no more be a prey. I will judge between sheep and sheep.
23I will set up one shepherd over them, and he will feed them, even my servant David. He will feed them, and he will be their shepherd.
24I, Yahweh, will be their God, and my servant David prince among them. I, Yahweh, have spoken it.
25“‘I will make with them a covenant of peace, and will cause evil animals to cease out of the land. They will dwell securely in the wilderness and sleep in the woods.
26I will make them and the places around my hill a blessing. I will cause the shower to come down in its season. There will be showers of blessing.
27The tree of the field will yield its fruit, and the earth will yield its increase, and they will be secure in their land. Then they will know that I am Yahweh, when I have broken the bars of their yoke, and have delivered them out of the hand of those who made slaves of them.
28They will no more be a prey to the nations, neither will the animals of the earth devour them; but they will dwell securely, and no one will make them afraid.
29I will raise up to them a plantation for renown, and they will no more be consumed with famine in the land, and not bear the shame of the nations any more.
30They will know that I, Yahweh, their God am with them, and that they, the house of Israel, are my people, says the Lord Yahweh.
31You my sheep, the sheep of my pasture, are men, and I am your God,’ says the Lord Yahweh.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 34.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The rulers reproved. (1-6). The people are to be restored to their own land. (7-16). The kingdom of Christ. (17-31).
vv1-6
The people became as sheep without a shepherd, were given up as a prey to their enemies, and the land was utterly desolated. No rank or office can exempt from the reproofs of God's word, men who neglect their duty, and abuse the trust reposed in them.
vv7-16
The Lord declared that he intended mercy towards the scattered flock. Doubtless this, in the first place, had reference to the restoration of the Jews. It also represented the good Shepherd's tender care of the souls of his people. He finds them in their days of darkness and ignorance, and brings them to his fold. He comes to their relief in times of persecution and temptation. He leads them in the ways of righteousness, and causes them to rest on his love and faithfulness. The proud and self-sufficient, are enemies of the true gospel and of believers; against such we must guard. He has rest for disquieted saints, and terror for presumptuous sinners.
vv17-31
The whole nation seemed to be the Lord's flock, yet they were very different characters; but he knew how to distinguish between them. By good pastures and deep waters, are meant the pure word of God and the dispensing of justice. The latter verses, 23-31, prophesy of Christ, and of the most glorious times of his church on earth. Under Him, as the good Shepherd, the church would be a blessing to all around. Christ, though excellent in himself, was as a tender plant out of a dry ground. Being the Tree of life, bearing all the fruits of salvation, he yields spiritual food to the souls of his people. Our constant desire and prayer should be, that there may be showers of blessings in every place where the truth of Christ is preached; and that all who profess the gospel may be filled with fruits of righteousness.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אָדָם: ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
נָבָא: to prophesy, i.e. speak (or sing) by inspiration (in prediction or simple discourse)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
רָעָה: to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אֲדֹנָי: the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
Cross References
Ezekiel 34Jesus directly claims the Good Shepherd identity, fulfilling the promise of the one shepherd.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallel denunciation of the false shepherds of Israel before the promise of the Messiah.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic woe pronounced on the idle, worthless shepherd who deserts and harms the flock.
Supported by JFB
Prophecy of Yahweh Himself feeding His flock, gathering lambs, and gently leading the weak.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel prophecy in Ezekiel identifying the future one king and shepherd as 'my servant David'.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Exhortation to Christian elders to feed the flock willingly, not for filthy lucre or by constraint.
Supported by JFB
Parallel description of rulers eating the flesh of the people and flaying their skin.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jesus' parable of the lost sheep fulfills God's promise to seek out the lost.
Supported by JFB
Jesus views the crowds with compassion because they are scattered as sheep without a shepherd.
Supported by JFB
The classic depiction of Jehovah as the Shepherd who feeds, leads, and restores His sheep.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Messianic promise of a righteous Branch raised up unto David to reign as a wise King.
Supported by JFB
The 'force' and 'cruelty' of the false shepherds echoes the Egyptian bondage of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
God promises to gather the remnant of His flock out of all countries.
Supported by JFB
Contrast of Jeshurun waxing fat and kicking, illustrating the wantonness of the strong cattle.
Supported by JFB
The Son of Man separates sheep from goats, echoing God's judgment between cattle.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel promise of an everlasting covenant of peace and a sanctuary in their midst.
Supported by Matthew Henry
A covenant making them lie down safely, free from wild beasts and war.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Covenant promise of rain in due season and the land yielding increase.
Supported by Matthew Poole
New Testament benediction identifying Jesus as the great Shepherd of the sheep.
Supported by JFB
Christ as a tender plant out of a dry ground, relating to the plant of renown.
Supported by Matthew Henry