Judges1
New King James Version
1Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass that the children of Israel asked the Lord, saying, “Who shall be first to go up for us against the Canaanites to fight against them?”
2And the Lord said, “Judah shall go up. Indeed I have delivered the land into his hand.”
3So Judah said to Simeon his brother, “Come up with me to my allotted territory, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I will likewise go with you to your allotted territory.” And Simeon went with him.
4Then Judah went up, and the Lord delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand; and they killed ten thousand men at Bezek.
5And they found Adoni-Bezek in Bezek, and fought against him; and they defeated the Canaanites and the Perizzites.
6Then Adoni-Bezek fled, and they pursued him and caught him and cut off his thumbs and big toes.
7And Adoni-Bezek said, “Seventy kings with their thumbs and big toes cut off used to gather scraps under my table; as I have done, so God has repaid me.” Then they brought him to Jerusalem, and there he died.
8Now the children of Judah fought against Jerusalem and took it; they struck it with the edge of the sword and set the city on fire.
9And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites who dwelt in the mountains, in the South, and in the lowland.
10Then Judah went against the Canaanites who dwelt in Hebron. (Now the name of Hebron was formerly Kirjath Arba.) And they killed Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.
11From there they went against the inhabitants of Debir. (The name of Debir was formerly Kirjath Sepher.)
12Then Caleb said, “Whoever attacks Kirjath Sepher and takes it, to him I will give my daughter Achsah as wife.”
13And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, took it; so he gave him his daughter Achsah as wife.
14Now it happened, when she came to him, that she urged him to ask her father for a field. And she dismounted from her donkey, and Caleb said to her, “What do you wish?”
15So she said to him, “Give me a blessing; since you have given me land in the South, give me also springs of water.” And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the lower springs.
16Now the children of the Kenite, Moses’ father-in-law, went up from the City of Palms with the children of Judah into the Wilderness of Judah, which lies in the South near Arad; and they went and dwelt among the people.
17And Judah went with his brother Simeon, and they attacked the Canaanites who inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. So the name of the city was called Hormah.
18Also Judah took Gaza with its territory, Ashkelon with its territory, and Ekron with its territory.
19So the Lord was with Judah. And they drove out the mountaineers, but they could not drive out the inhabitants of the lowland, because they had chariots of iron.
20And they gave Hebron to Caleb, as Moses had said. Then he expelled from there the three sons of Anak.
21But the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites who inhabited Jerusalem; so the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this day.
22And the house of Joseph also went up against Bethel, and the Lord was with them.
23So the house of Joseph sent men to spy out Bethel. (The name of the city was formerly Luz.)
24And when the spies saw a man coming out of the city, they said to him, “Please show us the entrance to the city, and we will show you mercy.”
25So he showed them the entrance to the city, and they struck the city with the edge of the sword; but they let the man and all his family go.
26And the man went to the land of the Hittites, built a city, and called its name Luz, which is its name to this day.
27However, Manasseh did not drive out the inhabitants of Beth Shean and its villages, or Taanach and its villages, or the inhabitants of Dor and its villages, or the inhabitants of Ibleam and its villages, or the inhabitants of Megiddo and its villages; for the Canaanites were determined to dwell in that land.
28And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites under tribute, but did not completely drive them out.
29Nor did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites who dwelt in Gezer; so the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them.
30Nor did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron or the inhabitants of Nahalol; so the Canaanites dwelt among them, and were put under tribute.
31Nor did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Acco or the inhabitants of Sidon, or of Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, or Rehob.
32So the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land; for they did not drive them out.
33Nor did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh or the inhabitants of Beth Anath; but they dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land. Nevertheless the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were put under tribute to them.
34And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountains, for they would not allow them to come down to the valley;
35and the Amorites were determined to dwell in Mount Heres, in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim; yet when the strength of the house of Joseph became greater, they were put under tribute.
36Now the boundary of the Amorites was from the Ascent of Akrabbim, from Sela, and upward.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 1.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Proceedings of the tribes of Judah and Simeon. (1–8). Hebron and other cities taken. (9–20). The proceedings of other tribes. (21–36).
vv1-8
The Israelites were convinced that the war against the Canaanites was to be continued; but they were in doubt as to the manner in which it was to be carried on after the death of Joshua. In these respects they inquired of the Lord. God appoints service according to the strength he has given. From those who are most able, most work is expected. Judah was first in dignity, and must be first in duty. Judah's service will not avail unless God give success; but God will not give the success, unless Judah applies to the service. Judah was the most considerable of all the tribes, and Simeon the least; yet Judah begs Simeon's friendship, and prays for aid from him. It becomes Israelites to help one another against Canaanites; and all Christians, even those of different tribes, should strengthen one another. Those who thus help one another in love, have reason to hope that God will graciously help both. Adoni-bezek was taken prisoner. This prince had been a severe tyrant. The Israelites, doubtless under the Divine direction, made him suffer what he had done to others; and his own conscience confessed that he was justly treated as he had treated others. Thus the righteous God sometimes, in his providence, makes the punishment answer the sin.
vv9-20
The Canaanites had iron chariots; but Israel had God on their side, whose chariots are thousands of angels, Ps 68:17. Yet they suffered their fears to prevail against their faith. About Caleb we read in Jos 15:16–19. The Kenites had settled in the land. Israel let them fix where they pleased, being a quiet, contented people. They that molested none, were molested by none. Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.
vv21-36
The people of Israel were very careless of their duty and interest. Owing to slothfulness and cowardice, they would not be at the pains to complete their conquests. It was also owing to their covetousness: they were willing to let the Canaanites live among them, that they might make advantage of them. They had not the dread and detestation of idolatry they ought to have had. The same unbelief that kept their fathers forty years out of Canaan, kept them now out of the full possession of it. Distrust of the power and promise of God deprived them of advantages, and brought them into troubles. Thus many a believer who begins well is hindered. His graces languish, his lusts revive, Satan plies him with suitable temptations, the world recovers its hold; he brings guilt into his conscience, anguish into his heart, discredit on his character, and reproach on the gospel. Though he may have sharp rebukes, and be so recovered that he does not perish, yet he will have deeply to lament his folly through his remaining days; and upon his dying bed to mourn over the opportunities of glorifying God and serving the church he has lost. We can have no fellowship with the enemies of God within us or around us, but to our hurt; therefore our only wisdom is to maintain unceasing war against them.
Key Words
אַחַר: properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
מָוֶת: death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
יְהוֹשׁוּעַ: Jehoshua (i.e. Joshua), the Jewish leader
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
מִי: who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
תְּחִלָּה: a commencement; rel. original (adverb, -ly)
כְּנַעַנִי: a Kenaanite or inhabitant of Kenaan; by implication, a pedlar (the Canaanites standing for their neighbors the Ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile caravans)
לָחַם: to feed on; figuratively, to consume; by implication, to battle (as destruction)
Cross References
Judges 1Parallels Caleb's acquisition of Hebron, Debir, and the narrative of Achsah's springs.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Explains why Judah and Benjamin could not fully dispossess the Jebusites from Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Moses' invitation to the Kenite family to journey with Israel to Canaan.
Supported by JFB
The ordained method of inquiring of the Lord via Urim and Thummim.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another instance of Israel asking who goes first, with Judah chosen.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains why Judah asks Simeon; Simeon's inheritance was within Judah's territory.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of Israel's early vow to utterly destroy Zephath, naming it Hormah.
Supported by JFB
Documents Moses' promise and the giving of Hebron to Caleb.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Manasseh's failure to drive out Canaanites from Beth-shean, Megiddo, and their towns.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jacob's prophecy conferring leadership and pre-eminence upon the tribe of Judah.
Supported by JFB
Names the three giant sons of Anak whom Caleb drove out from Hebron.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Othniel as Caleb's younger brother and Israel's first judge.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Mentions the dreaded iron chariots of the Canaanites in the valleys.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels Ephraim's failure to drive out the Canaanites dwelling in Gezer.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The Lex Talionis law corresponding to Adoni-bezek's confession of divine requital.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrasts sparing Rahab (who stayed in Israel) with sparing this Bethel informant.
Supported by Matthew Poole