Joshua15
New King James Version
1So this was the lot of the tribe of the children of Judah according to their families: The border of Edom at the Wilderness of Zin southward was the extreme southern boundary.
2And their southern border began at the shore of the Salt Sea, from the bay that faces southward.
3Then it went out to the southern side of the Ascent of Akrabbim, passed along to Zin, ascended on the south side of Kadesh Barnea, passed along to Hezron, went up to Adar, and went around to Karkaa.
4From there it passed toward Azmon and went out to the Brook of Egypt; and the border ended at the sea. This shall be your southern border.
5The east border was the Salt Sea as far as the mouth of the Jordan. And the border on the northern quarter began at the bay of the sea at the mouth of the Jordan.
6The border went up to Beth Hoglah and passed north of Beth Arabah; and the border went up to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben.
7Then the border went up toward Debir from the Valley of Achor, and it turned northward toward Gilgal, which is before the Ascent of Adummim, which is on the south side of the valley. The border continued toward the waters of En Shemesh and ended at En Rogel.
8And the border went up by the Valley of the Son of Hinnom to the southern slope of the Jebusite city (which is Jerusalem). The border went up to the top of the mountain that lies before the Valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the end of the Valley of Rephaim northward.
9Then the border went around from the top of the hill to the fountain of the water of Nephtoah, and extended to the cities of Mount Ephron. And the border went around to Baalah (which is Kirjath Jearim).
10Then the border turned westward from Baalah to Mount Seir, passed along to the side of Mount Jearim on the north (which is Chesalon), went down to Beth Shemesh, and passed on to Timnah.
11And the border went out to the side of Ekron northward. Then the border went around to Shicron, passed along to Mount Baalah, and extended to Jabneel; and the border ended at the sea.
12The west border was the coastline of the Great Sea. This is the boundary of the children of Judah all around according to their families.
13Now to Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a share among the children of Judah, according to the commandment of the Lord to Joshua, namely, Kirjath Arba, which is Hebron (Arba was the father of Anak).
14Caleb drove out the three sons of Anak from there: Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, the children of Anak.
15Then he went up from there to the inhabitants of Debir (formerly the name of Debir was Kirjath Sepher).
16And Caleb said, “He who attacks Kirjath Sepher and takes it, to him I will give Achsah my daughter as wife.”
17So Othniel the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, took it; and he gave him Achsah his daughter as wife.
18Now it was so, when she came to him, that she persuaded him to ask her father for a field. So she dismounted from her donkey, and Caleb said to her, “What do you wish?”
19She answered, “Give me a blessing; since you have given me land in the South, give me also springs of water.” So he gave her the upper springs and the lower springs.
20This was the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Judah according to their families:
21The cities at the limits of the tribe of the children of Judah, toward the border of Edom in the South, were Kabzeel, Eder, Jagur,
22Kinah, Dimonah, Adadah,
23Kedesh, Hazor, Ithnan,
24Ziph, Telem, Bealoth,
25Hazor, Hadattah, Kerioth, Hezron (which is Hazor),
26Amam, Shema, Moladah,
27Hazar Gaddah, Heshmon, Beth Pelet,
28Hazar Shual, Beersheba, Bizjothjah,
29Baalah, Ijim, Ezem,
30Eltolad, Chesil, Hormah,
31Ziklag, Madmannah, Sansannah,
32Lebaoth, Shilhim, Ain, and Rimmon: all the cities are twenty-nine, with their villages.
33In the lowland: Eshtaol, Zorah, Ashnah,
34Zanoah, En Gannim, Tappuah, Enam,
35Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh, Azekah,
36Sharaim, Adithaim, Gederah, and Gederothaim: fourteen cities with their villages;
37Zenan, Hadashah, Migdal Gad,
38Dilean, Mizpah, Joktheel,
39Lachish, Bozkath, Eglon,
40Cabbon, Lahmas, Kithlish,
41Gederoth, Beth Dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah: sixteen cities with their villages;
42Libnah, Ether, Ashan,
43Jiphtah, Ashnah, Nezib,
44Keilah, Achzib, and Mareshah: nine cities with their villages;
45Ekron, with its towns and villages;
46from Ekron to the sea, all that lay near Ashdod, with their villages;
47Ashdod with its towns and villages, Gaza with its towns and villages—as far as the Brook of Egypt and the Great Sea with its coastline.
48And in the mountain country: Shamir, Jattir, Sochoh,
49Dannah, Kirjath Sannah (which is Debir),
50Anab, Eshtemoh, Anim,
51Goshen, Holon, and Giloh: eleven cities with their villages;
52Arab, Dumah, Eshean,
53Janum, Beth Tappuah, Aphekah,
54Humtah, Kirjath Arba (which is Hebron), and Zior: nine cities with their villages;
55Maon, Carmel, Ziph, Juttah,
56Jezreel, Jokdeam, Zanoah,
57Kain, Gibeah, and Timnah: ten cities with their villages;
58Halhul, Beth Zur, Gedor,
59Maarath, Beth Anoth, and Eltekon: six cities with their villages;
60Kirjath Baal (which is Kirjath Jearim) and Rabbah: two cities with their villages.
61In the wilderness: Beth Arabah, Middin, Secacah,
62Nibshan, the City of Salt, and En Gedi: six cities with their villages.
63As for the Jebusites, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of Judah could not drive them out; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Judah at Jerusalem to this day.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 15.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The borders of the lot of Judah. (1–12). Caleb's portion, His daughter's blessing. (13–19). The cities of Judah. (20–63).
vv1-12
Joshua allotted to Judah, Ephraim, and the half of Manasseh, their inheritances before they left Gilgal. Afterwards removing to Shiloh, another survey was made, and the other tribes had their portion assigned. In due time all God's people are settled.
vv13-19
Achsah obtained some land by Caleb's free grant. He gave her a south land. Land indeed, but a south land, dry and apt to be parched. She obtained more, on her request, and he gave the upper and the nether springs. Those who understand it but of one field, watered both with the rain of heaven, and the springs that issued out of the earth, countenance the allusion commonly made to this, when we pray for spiritual and heavenly blessings which relate to our souls, as blessings of the upper springs, and those which relate to the body and the life that now is, as blessings of the nether springs. All the blessings, both of the upper and the nether springs, belong to the children of God. As related to Christ, they have them freely given of the Father, for the lot of their inheritance.
vv20-63
Here is a list of the cities of Judah. But we do not here find Bethlehem, afterwards the city of David, and ennobled by the birth of our Lord Jesus in it. That city, which, at the best, was but little among the thousands of Judah, Mic 5:2, except that it was thus honoured, was now so little as not to be accounted one of the cities.
Key Words
גּוֹרָל: properly, a pebble, i.e. a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)
מַטֶּה: a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walking (a staff; figuratively, a support of life, e.g. bread)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
מִשְׁפָּחָה: a family, i.e. circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people
נֶגֶב: the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine)
גְּבוּל: properly, a cord (as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extension the territory inclosed
אֱדֹם: Edom, the elder twin-brother of Jacob; hence the region (Idumaea) occupied by him
מִדְבָּר: a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)
צִן: Tsin, a part of the Desert
Cross References
Joshua 15Directly corresponds to the southern border of Judah as originally detailed in Moses' boundary of the land.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallel historical account of Caleb's conquest of Debir and Othniel winning Achsah as his wife.
Supported by JFB
Verbatim parallel record of Achsah requesting the blessing of the upper and nether springs.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Direct parallel recording Benjamin's similar failure to drive out the Jebusites from Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The background covenant and commandment where Caleb originally petitioned Joshua for the inheritance of Hebron.
Supported by JFB
Beer-sheba is transferred from Judah's lot to Simeon's inheritance as noted in Joshua 19:2.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Establishes Kirjath-arba (Hebron) as Caleb's portion given according to God's commandment.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Connects Kirjath-arba (Hebron) to its ancient namesake Arba, the great man among the Anakim.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historic fulfillment where David finally conquers the Jebusite stronghold of Jerusalem.
Parallel account of David and Joab taking the Jebusite castle at Jerusalem.
Parallel boundary marker of Benjamin, tracing the Valley of Hinnom in reverse direction.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Records the fulfillment of Caleb taking Hebron and driving out the three sons of Anak.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the three Anakite chiefs—Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai—encountered during the original spying mission.
Supported by JFB
Hormah is later assigned to Simeon, illustrating that Judah's portion was later shared.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ziklag is listed here for Judah but is later assigned to the tribe of Simeon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ziklag, listed in Judah's cities, became a key royal city given to David.
Ain and Rimmon are also among the southern cities of Judah transferred to Simeon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Corresponds to the southern border definition 'river of Egypt' and the Great Sea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies Kirjath-sannah (Debir) with its earlier narrative context and naming in this chapter.
Supported by JFB
Mentions Maon and Carmel in Judah's highlands as the setting of Nabal's estate.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Kirjath-baal (Kirjath-jearim) as the place where the Ark of God was fetched.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Earlier mention in this chapter establishing that the border ran by the Jebusite city, Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Identifies Jebusi (Jerusalem) as belonging to Benjamin, explaining the joint tribal struggle.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The historical deterioration of the Valley of Hinnom (Topheth) under idolatry.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Thematic parallel of a leader offering his daughter in marriage as a reward for military valor.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Othniel as Caleb's younger brother who becomes Israel's first judge.
Supported by JFB
Several of these southern cities of Judah were resettled after the Babylonian exile.
Eshtaol and Zorah, listed in Judah's valley, are crucial in Samson's history.
Adullam and Azekah were re-inhabited by the children of Judah after the captivity.
Soco and Azekah are key defensive locations during David's battle with Goliath.
The famous cave of Adullam was located at this city in the lowlands.
Keilah, listed here in the lowland valley, is the site of David's battle against Philistines.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic wordplay on Achzib as a lie to the kings of Israel.
Supported by JFB
Lists Kirjath-jearim as one of the four original Gibeonite confederate cities.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Beth-arabah on the northern border of Judah, also listed here as a wilderness city.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Places En-gedi in the wilderness of Judah, where David fled from Saul.