Acts25
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1Festus therefore, having come into the province, after three days went up to Jerusalem from Caesarea.
2And the chief priests and the principal men of the Jews informed him against Paul; and they besought him,
3asking a favor against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem; laying a plot to kill him on the way.
4Howbeit Festus answered, that Paul was kept in charge at Caesarea, and that he himself was about to depart thither shortly.
5Let them therefore, saith he, that are of power among you go down with me, and if there is anything amiss in the man, let them accuse him.
6And when he had tarried among them not more than eight or ten days, he went down unto Caesarea; and on the morrow he sat on the judgment-seat, and commanded Paul to be brought.
7And when he was come, the Jews that had come down from Jerusalem stood round about him, bringing against him many and grievous charges which they could not prove;
8while Paul said in his defence, Neither against the law of the Jews, nor against the temple, nor against Caesar, have I sinned at all.
9But Festus, desiring to gain favor with the Jews, answered Paul and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?
10But Paul said, I am standing before Caesar’s judgment-seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou also very well knowest.
11If then I am a wrong-doer, and have committed anything worthy of death, I refuse not to die; but if none of those things is true whereof these accuse me, no man can give me up unto them. I appeal unto Caesar.
12Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Thou hast appealed unto Caesar: unto Caesar shalt thou go.
13Now when certain days were passed, Agrippa the king and Bernice arrived at Caesarea, and saluted Festus.
14And as they tarried there many days, Festus laid Paul’s case before the king, saying, There is a certain man left a prisoner by Felix;
15about whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, asking for sentence against him.
16To whom I answered, that it is not the custom of the Romans to give up any man, before that the accused have the accusers face to face, and have had opportunity to make his defence concerning the matter laid against him.
17When therefore they were come together here, I made no delay, but on the next day sat on the judgment-seat, and commanded the man to be brought.
18Concerning whom, when the accusers stood up, they brought no charge of such evil things as I supposed;
19but had certain questions against him of their own religion, and of one Jesus, who was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.
20And I, being perplexed how to inquire concerning these things, asked whether he would go to Jerusalem and there be judged of these matters.
21But when Paul had appealed to be kept for the decision of the emperor, I commanded him to be kept till I should send him to Caesar.
22And Agrippa said unto Festus, I also could wish to hear the man myself. To-morrow, saith he, thou shalt hear him.
23So on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and they were entered into the place of hearing with the chief captains and the principal men of the city, at the command of Festus Paul was brought in.
24And Festus saith, King Agrippa, and all men who are here present with us, ye behold this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews made suit to me, both at Jerusalem and here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.
25But I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death: and as he himself appealed to the emperor I determined to send him.
26Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord. Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I may have somewhat to write.
27For it seemeth to me unreasonable, in sending a prisoner, not withal to signify the charges against him.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Acts 25.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Paul before Festus, he appeals to Caesar. (1–12). Festus confers with Agrippa respecting Paul. (13–27).
vv1-12
See how restless malice is. Persecutors deem it a peculiar favour to have their malice gratified. Preaching Christ, the end of the law, was no offence against the law. In suffering times the prudence of the Lord's people is tried, as well as their patience; they need wisdom. It becomes those who are innocent, to insist upon their innocence. Paul was willing to abide by the rules of the law, and to let that take its course. If he deserved death, he would accept the punishment. But if none of the things whereof they accused him were true, no man could deliver him unto them, with justice. Paul is neither released nor condemned. It is an instance of the slow steps which Providence takes; by which we are often made ashamed, both of our hopes and of our fears, and are kept waiting on God.
vv13-27
Agrippa had the government of Galilee. How many unjust and hasty judgments the Roman maxim, verse 16, condemn! This heathen, guided only by the light of nature, followed law and custom exactly, yet how many Christians will not follow the rules of truth, justice, and charity, in judging their brethren! The questions about God's worship, the way of salvation, and the truths of the gospel, may appear doubtful and without interest, to worldly men and mere politicians. See how slightly this Roman speaks of Christ, and of the great controversy between the Jews and the Christians. But the day is at hand when Festus and the whole world will see, that all the concerns of the Roman empire were but trifles and of no consequence, compared with this question of Christ's resurrection. Those who have had means of instruction, and have despised them, will be awfully convinced of their sin and folly. Here was a noble assembly brought together to hear the truths of the gospel, though they only meant to gratify their curiosity by attending to the defence of a prisoner. Many, even now, attend at the places of hearing the word of God with “great pomp,” and too often with no better motive than curiosity. And though ministers do not now stand as prisoners to make a defence for their lives, yet numbers affect to sit in judgment upon them, desirous to make them offenders for a word, rather than to learn from them the truth and will of God, for the salvation of their souls But the pomp of this appearance was outshone by the real glory of the poor prisoner at the bar. What was the honour of their fine appearance, compared with that of Paul's wisdom, and grace, and holiness; his courage and constancy in suffering for Christ! It is no small mercy to have God clear up our righteousness as the light, and our just dealing as the noon-day; to have nothing certain laid to our charge. And God makes even the enemies of his people to do them right.
Key Words
οὖν (oûn): (adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
τρεῖς (treîs): "three"
ἡμέρα (hēméra): day, i.e. (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the Jews as inclusive of the parts of both extremes); figuratively, a period (always defined more or less clearly by the context)
μετά (metá): properly, denoting accompaniment; "amid" (local or causal); modified variously according to the case (genitive association, or accusative succession) with which it is joined; occupying an intermediate position between G575 (ἀπό) or G1537 (ἐκ) and G1519 (εἰς) or G4314 (πρός); less intimate than G1722 (ἐν) and less close than G4862 (σύν))
Φῆστος (Phēstos): festal; Phestus (i.e. Festus), a Roman
ἐπιβαίνω (epibaínō): to walk upon, i.e. mount, ascend, embark, arrive
ἐπαρχία (eparchía): a special region of government, i.e. a Roman præfecture
ἀναβαίνω (anabaínō): to go up (literally or figuratively)
εἰς (eis): to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases
Ἱεροσόλυμα (Hierosólyma): Hierosolyma (i.e. Jerushalaim), the capitol of Palestine
Cross References
Acts 25Paul's explicit claim of his innocence and formal appeal to Caesar's judgment seat.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The Jews' renewed plot to assassinate Paul in transit echoes their prior conspiracy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Like Felix before him, Festus seeks to curry political favor by compromising Paul's justice.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Paul's later defense in Rome explaining why he was constrained to appeal to Caesar.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
The same high priest and elders persist in their relentless accusations against Paul.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Agrippa and Festus conclude Paul could have been freed had he not appealed.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Providential realization of Jesus' promise that Paul must testify of Him in Rome.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
The judicial instruction to have accusers travel down to Caesarea to present their charges.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Paul's leverage of his Roman citizenship to demand proper, lawful trial procedures.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Roman requirement that accusers must be present face-to-face in a trial.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The core theological controversy regarding Jesus' death and bodily resurrection.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Festus summarizes the accusations made by the chief priests at Jerusalem.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Fulfillment of Christ's commission that Paul would bear His name before kings.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The clamorous demand of the Jewish crowd that Paul is unfit to live.
Supported by JFB