Deuteronomy 17ASV
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Deuteronomy17

American Standard Version · Public Domain

1Thou shalt not sacrifice unto Jehovah thy God an ox, or a sheep, wherein is a blemish, or anything evil; for that is an abomination unto Jehovah thy God.

2If there be found in the midst of thee, within any of thy gates which Jehovah thy God giveth thee, man or woman, that doeth that which is evil in the sight of Jehovah thy God, in transgressing his covenant,

3and hath gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, or the sun, or the moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I have not commanded,

4and it be told thee, and thou hast heard of it; then shalt thou inquire diligently; and, behold, if it be true, and the thing certain, that such abomination is wrought in Israel,

5then shalt thou bring forth that man or that woman, who hath done this evil thing, unto thy gates, even the man or the woman; and thou shalt stone them to death with stones.

6At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, shall he that is to die be put to death; at the mouth of one witness he shall not be put to death.

7The hand of the witnesses shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people. So thou shalt put away the evil from the midst of thee.

8If there arise a matter too hard for thee in judgment, between blood and blood, between plea and plea, and between stroke and stroke, being matters of controversy within thy gates; then shalt thou arise, and get thee up unto the place which Jehovah thy God shall choose;

9and thou shalt come unto the priests the Levites, and unto the judge that shall be in those days: and thou shalt inquire; and they shall show thee the sentence of judgment.

10And thou shalt do according to the tenor of the sentence which they shall show thee from that place which Jehovah shall choose; and thou shalt observe to do according to all that they shall teach thee:

11according to the tenor of the law which they shall teach thee, and according to the judgment which they shall tell thee, thou shalt do; thou shalt not turn aside from the sentence which they shall show thee, to the right hand, nor to the left.

12And the man that doeth presumptuously, in not hearkening unto the priest that standeth to minister there before Jehovah thy God, or unto the judge, even that man shall die: and thou shalt put away the evil from Israel.

13And all the people shall hear, and fear, and do no more presumptuously.

14When thou art come unto the land which Jehovah thy God giveth thee, and shalt possess it, and shalt dwell therein, and shalt say, I will set a king over me, like all the nations that are round about me;

15thou shalt surely set him king over thee, whom Jehovah thy God shall choose: one from among thy brethren shalt thou set king over thee; thou mayest not put a foreigner over thee, who is not thy brother.

16Only he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to return to Egypt, to the end that he may multiply horses; forasmuch as Jehovah hath said unto you, Ye shall henceforth return no more that way.

17Neither shall he multiply wives to himself, that his heart turn not away: neither shall he greatly multiply to himself silver and gold.

18And it shall be, when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom, that he shall write him a copy of this law in a book, out of that which is before the priests the Levites:

19and it shall be with him, and he shall read therein all the days of his life; that he may learn to fear Jehovah his God, to keep all the words of this law and these statutes, to do them;

20that his heart be not lifted up above his brethren, and that he turn not aside from the commandment, to the right hand, or to the left: to the end that he may prolong his days in his kingdom, he and his children, in the midst of Israel.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Deuteronomy 17.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: All sacrifices to be perfect, Idolaters must be slain. (1–7). Difficult controversies. (8–13). The choice of a king, His duties. (14–20).

vv1-7

No creature which had any blemish was to be offered in sacrifice to God. We are thus called to remember the perfect, pure, and spotless sacrifice of Christ, and reminded to serve God with the best of our abilities, time, and possession, or our pretended obedience will be hateful to him. So great a punishment as death, so remarkable a death as stoning, must be inflicted on the Jewish idolater. Let all who in our day set up idols in their hearts, remember how God punished this crime in Israel.

vv8-13

Courts of judgment were to be set up in every city. Though their judgment had not the Divine authority of an oracle, it was the judgment of wise, prudent, experienced men, and had the advantage of a Divine promise.

vv14-20

God himself was in a particular manner Israel's King; and if they set another over them, it was necessary that he should choose the person. Accordingly, when the people desired a king, they applied to Samuel, a prophet of the Lord. In all cases, God's choice, if we can but know it, should direct, determine, and overrule ours. Laws are given for the prince that should be elected. He must carefully avoid every thing that would turn him from God and religion. Riches, honours, and pleasures, are three great hinderances of godliness, (the lusts of the flesh, the lusts of the eye, and the pride of life,) especially to those in high stations; against these the king is here warned. The king must carefully study the law of God, and make that his rule; and having a copy of the Scriptures of his own writing, must read therein all the days of his life. It is not enough to have Bibles, but we must use them, use them daily, as long as we live. Christ's scholars never learn above their Bibles, but will have constant occasion for them, till they come to that world where knowledge and love will be made perfect. The king's writing and reading were as nothing, if he did not practise what he wrote and read. And those who fear God and keep his commandments, will fare the better for it even in this world.

Cross References

Deuteronomy 17
v171 Kings 11:1-4thematic

Solomon's historical violation of the prohibition against multiplying wives, which turned his heart away.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

Detailed legal definitions of sacrificial blemishes rendering an animal unacceptable to God.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Hebrews 10:28allusion

New Testament citation of the two-or-three witnesses rule for capital covenant infractions.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v141 Samuel 8:5-7thematic

Historical fulfillment of Israel demanding a king 'like all the nations,' rejecting God's direct rule.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v3Job 31:26thematic

Poetic reference to the ancient practice of worshipping the sun and moon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The foundational law requiring multiple witnesses to establish any charge in Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Jehoshaphat's establishment of a supreme court in Jerusalem to handle hard cases.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v161 Kings 10:26-28thematic

Solomon's accumulation of chariots and import of horses from Egypt in direct violation.

Supported by JFB

v182 Kings 11:12thematic

The coronation of Joash, where he is given 'the testimony' or copy of the law.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Malachi 1:8thematic

Prophetic rebuke of Israel offering blind, lame, and sick animals in violation of this law.

Supported by Matthew Henry

The requirement to search, inquire, and ask diligently regarding reports of apostasy.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v151 Samuel 10:24thematic

God's active selection and confirmation of Saul as the first king.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v16Isaiah 31:1-3thematic

Prophetic woe on those going down to Egypt for help and relying on horses.

Supported by JFB

v19Joshua 1:8thematic

The command to Joshua to meditate on the book of the law day and night.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Exodus 12:5typology

The requirement that the Passover lamb be without blemish, foreshadowing Christ.

Supported by JFB