Judges19
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Beth-lehem-judah.
2And his concubine played the harlot against him, and went away from him unto her father’s house to Beth-lehem-judah, and was there the space of four months.
3And her husband arose, and went after her, to speak kindly unto her, to bring her again, having his servant with him, and a couple of asses: and she brought him into her father’s house; and when the father of the damsel saw him, he rejoiced to meet him.
4And his father-in-law, the damsel’s father, retained him; and he abode with him three days: so they did eat and drink, and lodged there.
5And it came to pass on the fourth day, that they arose early in the morning, and he rose up to depart: and the damsel’s father said unto his son-in-law, Strengthen thy heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward ye shall go your way.
6So they sat down, and did eat and drink, both of them together: and the damsel’s father said unto the man, Be pleased, I pray thee, to tarry all night, and let thy heart be merry.
7And the man rose up to depart; but his father-in-law urged him, and he lodged there again.
8And he arose early in the morning on the fifth day to depart; and the damsel’s father said, Strengthen thy heart, I pray thee, and tarry ye until the day declineth; and they did eat, both of them.
9And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and his servant, his father-in-law, the damsel’s father, said unto him, Behold, now the day draweth toward evening, I pray you tarry all night: behold, the day groweth to an end, lodge here, that thy heart may be merry; and to-morrow get you early on your way, that thou mayest go home.
10But the man would not tarry that night, but he rose up and departed, and came over against Jebus (the same is Jerusalem): and there were with him a couple of asses saddled; his concubine also was with him.
11When they were by Jebus, the day was far spent; and the servant said unto his master, Come, I pray thee, and let us turn aside into this city of the Jebusites, and lodge in it.
12And his master said unto him, We will not turn aside into the city of a foreigner, that is not of the children of Israel; but we will pass over to Gibeah.
13And he said unto his servant, Come and let us draw near to one of these places; and we will lodge in Gibeah, or in Ramah.
14So they passed on and went their way; and the sun went down upon them near to Gibeah, which belongeth to Benjamin.
15And they turned aside thither, to go in to lodge in Gibeah: and he went in, and sat him down in the street of the city; for there was no man that took them into his house to lodge.
16And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even: now the man was of the hill-country of Ephraim, and he sojourned in Gibeah; but the men of the place were Benjamites.
17And he lifted up his eyes, and saw the wayfaring man in the street of the city; and the old man said, Whither goest thou? and whence comest thou?
18And he said unto him, We are passing from Beth-lehem-judah unto the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim; from thence am I, and I went to Beth-lehem-judah: and I am now going to the house of Jehovah; and there is no man that taketh me into his house.
19Yet there is both straw and provender for our asses; and there is bread and wine also for me, and for thy handmaid, and for the young man that is with thy servants: there is no want of anything.
20And the old man said, Peace be unto thee; howsoever let all thy wants lie upon me; only lodge not in the street.
21So he brought him into his house, and gave the asses fodder; and they washed their feet, and did eat and drink.
22As they were making their hearts merry, behold, the men of the city, certain base fellows, beset the house round about, beating at the door; and they spake to the master of the house, the old man, saying, Bring forth the man that came into thy house, that we may know him.
23And the man, the master of the house, went out unto them, and said unto them, Nay, my brethren, I pray you, do not so wickedly; seeing that this man is come into my house, do not this folly.
24Behold, here is my daughter a virgin, and his concubine; them I will bring out now, and humble ye them, and do with them what seemeth good unto you: but unto this man do not any such folly.
25But the men would not hearken to him: so the man laid hold on his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night until the morning: and when the day began to spring, they let her go.
26Then came the woman in the dawning of the day, and fell down at the door of the man’s house where her lord was, till it was light.
27And her lord rose up in the morning, and opened the doors of the house, and went out to go his way; and, behold, the woman his concubine was fallen down at the door of the house, with her hands upon the threshold.
28And he said unto her, Up, and let us be going; but none answered: then he took her up upon the ass; and the man rose up, and gat him unto his place.
29And when he was come into his house, he took a knife, and laid hold on his concubine, and divided her, limb by limb, into twelve pieces, and sent her throughout all the borders of Israel.
30And it was so, that all that saw it said, There was no such deed done nor seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt unto this day: consider it, take counsel, and speak.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Judges 19.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The wickedness of the men of Gibeah. (1-30).
vv1-30
The three remaining chapters of this book contain a very sad history of the wickedness of the men of Gibeah, in Benjamin. The righteous Lord permits sinners to execute just vengeance on one another, and if the scene here described is horrible, what will the discoveries of the day of judgment be! Let each of us consider how to escape from the wrath to come, how to mortify the sins of our own hearts, to resist Satan's temptations, and to avoid the pollutions there are in the world.
Key Words
הֵם: they (only used when emphatic)
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
אַיִן: a non-entity; generally used as a negative particle
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
לֵוִיִּי: a Levite or descendant of Levi
גּוּר: properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e. sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place); also to gather forhostility (as afraid)
יְרֵכָה: properly, the flank; but used only figuratively, the rear or recess
הַר: a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
Cross References
Judges 19Sons of Belial demand to 'know' the guest, mirroring Sodomites demanding Lot's guests.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Host offers women to protect his male guest, matching Lot's desperate offer.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophetic indictment explicitly linking Israel's deep corruption to 'the days of Gibeah'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Hosea declares Israel has sinned 'from the days of Gibeah' where the battle overtook them.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Saul similarly cuts up oxen to summon all Israel, echoing the Levite's grim summons.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Repeats the formula 'no king in Israel' to explain the prevailing anarchy and lawlessness.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jebusites still occupied Jerusalem, explaining why the Levite avoided it as a 'strange' city.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Levite's later testimony details the men of Gibeah's violent intent against him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Mosaic law prescribing death for harlotry; explains her flight to her father's house.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Hebrew idiom 'speak to her heart' matches Joseph speaking kindly to his brothers.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal link using the same Hebrew idiom of speaking 'comfortably' or 'to her heart'.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Contrast between Abrahamic hospitality in Genesis and the cold reception in Gibeah's street.
Supported by JFB
The crime committed is subsequently characterized in Israel as a 'lewdness and folly'.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Defines 'sons of Belial' as those who do not know or fear the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Corresponds to the call to 'take advice' and 'make war' with good counsel.
Supported by Matthew Henry