Numbers 3ESV
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Numbers3

English Standard Version

1 are the of and at the when the Lord with on .

2 are the of the of : the , and , , and .

3 are the of the of , the , whom he to serve as .

4But and the Lord when they the Lord in the of , and they had no . So and served as in the of their .

5And the Lord to , ,

6 the of , and them the , that they may to him.

7They shall him and the the of , as they at the .

8They shall the of the of , and over the of as they at the .

9And you shall the to and his ; they are to him from the of .

10And you shall and his , and they shall their . But if any near, he shall be put to .

11And the Lord to , ,

12 , I have the from the of of who the among the of . The shall be mine,

13for the are mine. On the that I down the in the of , I for my own the in , both of and of . They shall be mine: I am the Lord.

14And the Lord to in the of , ,

15 the of , by and by ; from a and you shall .

16So them according to the of the Lord, as he was .

17And were the of by their : and and .

18And are the of the of by their : and .

19And the of by their : , , , and .

20And the of by their : and . These the of the , by their .

21To belonged the of the and the of the ; these were the of the .

22Their according to the of the from a and .

23The of the were to the on the ,

24with , the of as of the of the .

25And the of the of in the of involved the , the with its , the for the of the of ,

26the of the , the for the of the that is the and the , and its the connected with these.

27To belonged the of the and the of the and the of the and the of the ; these are the of the .

28According to the of the , from a and , there were , over the .

29The of the of were to on the of the ,

30with the of as of the of the of the .

31And their duty involved the , the , the , the , the of the with the priests , and the ; the connected with these.

32And the of the was to be over the of the , and to have of those who over the .

33To belonged the of the and the of the : these are the of .

34Their according to the of the from a and was .

35And the of the of the of was the of . They were to on the of the .

36And the duty of the of involved the of the , the , the , the , and their ; the connected with these;

37also the the , with their and and .

38Those who were to the on the , the of toward the , were and and his , the itself, to the of . And any who came was to be put to .

39All those among the , whom and at the of the Lord, by , the from a and , were .

40And the Lord to , the of the of , from a and , the of their .

41And you shall the for me—I am the Lord — of all the among the of , and the of the of all the among the of the of .

42So the among the of , as the Lord him.

43And the , according to the of , from a and as were .

44And the Lord to , ,

45 the of the among the of , and the of the of their . The shall be mine: I am the Lord.

46And as the price for the of the of the of , and the number of the male ,

47you shall ; you shall them according to the of the (the of ),

48and the to and his as the price for those who are .

49So the from those who were and those by the .

50From the of the of he the , , by the of the .

51And the to and his , according to the of the Lord, as the Lord .

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 3.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The sons of Aaron, The Levites taken instead of the first-born. (1–13). The Levites numbered by their families, Their duties. (14–39). The first-born are numbered. (40–51).

vv1-13

There was much work belonging to the priests' office, and there were now only Aaron and his two sons to do it; God appoints the Levites to attend them. Those whom God finds work for, he will find help for. The Levites were taken instead of the first-born. When He that made us, saves us, as the first-born of Israel were saved, we are laid under further obligations to serve him faithfully. God's right to us by redemption, confirms the right he has to us by creation.

vv14-39

The Levites were in three classes, according to the sons of Levi; Gershon, Kohath, and Merari; and these were subdivided into families. The posterity of Moses were not at all honoured or privileged, but stood upon the level with other Levites; thus it was plain, that Moses did not seek the advancement of his own family, or to secure any honours to it. The tribe of Levi was by much the least of all the tribes. God's chosen are but a little flock in comparison with the world.

vv40-51

The number of the first-born, and that of the Levites, came near to each other. Known unto God are all his works beforehand; there is an exact proportion between them, and so it will appear, when they are compared together. The small number of first-born, over and above the number of the Levites, were to be redeemed, and the redemption-money given to Aaron. The church is called the church of the first-born, which is redeemed, not as they were, with silver and gold; but, being devoted by sin to the justice of God, is ransomed with the precious blood of the Son of God. All men are the Lord's by creation, and all true christians are his by redemption. Each should know his own post and duty; nor can any service required by such a Master be rightly accounted mean or hard.

Cross References

Numbers 3
v12Exodus 13:12-16thematic

Establishes God's claim on the firstborn, which the Levites are now substituted for in this chapter.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Leviticus 10:1thematic

The historical account of Nadab and Abihu's death by strange fire alluded to in verse 4.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Exodus 32:26-29thematic

The Levites' zeal during the golden calf incident, explaining why they were chosen for ministry.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Hebrews 5:4thematic

Asserts that no man takes the honor of priesthood to himself, reflecting Aaron's divine consecration.

Supported by John Calvin

v4Leviticus 10:2thematic

Explicit parallel of Nadab and Abihu's death before the Lord in the wilderness.

Supported by JFB

v9Numbers 18:6thematic

Confirms the Levites are wholly given to Aaron and his sons for tabernacle service.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v13Hebrews 12:23typology

New Testament typology linking Israel's redeemed firstborn to the 'church of the firstborn'.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Exodus 6:20thematic

Identifies Amram as the father of Aaron and Moses, under whom Moses' children are classified.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Numbers 1:53thematic

The Levites' charge to pitch around the tabernacle to prevent wrath on the congregation.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v10Numbers 16:40thematic

Warns that any stranger (non-Aaronic) who comes near to offer incense will perish.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31Numbers 4:15thematic

Details the Kohathites' specific charge of moving the holy vessels and sanctuary furniture.

Supported by JFB

v47Exodus 30:13thematic

Defines the sanctuary shekel as twenty gerahs, matching the currency rate here.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Numbers 18:15thematic

Further legislation regarding the redemption of the firstborn of man and beast.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v41Numbers 3:45thematic

Reiterates the substitution of the Levites and their cattle for Israel's firstborn.

Supported by JFB