Numbers23
New American Standard
1Then Balaam said to Balak, “Build seven altars for me here, and prepare seven bulls and seven rams for me here.”
2Balak did just as Balaam had spoken, and Balak and Balaam offered up a bull and a ram on each altar.
3Then Balaam said to Balak, “Stand beside your burnt offering, and I will go; perhaps the Lord will come to meet me, and whatever He shows me I will tell you.” So he went to a bare hill.
4Now God met with Balaam, and he said to Him, “I have set up the seven altars, and I have offered up a bull and a ram on each altar.”
5Then the Lord put a word in Balaam’s mouth and said, “Return to Balak, and this is what you shall speak.”
6So he returned to him, and behold, he was standing beside his burnt offering, he and all the leaders of Moab.
7And he took up his discourse and said, “From Aram Balak has brought me, Moab’s king from the mountains of the East, saying, ‘Come, declare Jacob cursed for me, And come, curse Israel!’
8How am I to put a curse on him upon whom God has not put a curse? And how am I to curse him whom the Lord has not cursed?
9For I see him from the top of the rocks, And I look at him from the hills; Behold, a people that lives in isolation, And does not consider itself to be among the nations.
10Who has counted the dust of Jacob, Or the number of the fourth part of Israel? May I die the death of the upright, And may my end be like his!”
11Then Balak said to Balaam, “What have you done to me? I took you to put a curse on my enemies, but behold, you have actually blessed them!”
12He replied, “Must I not be careful to speak what the Lord puts in my mouth?”
13Then Balak said to him, “Please come with me to another place from where you may see them, although you will only see the extreme end of them and will not see all of them; and put a curse on them for me from there.”
14So he took him to the field of Zophim, to the top of Pisgah, and he built seven altars and offered a bull and a ram on each altar.
15Then he said to Balak, “Stand here beside your burnt offering while I myself meet the Lord over there.”
16Then the Lord met Balaam and put a word in his mouth, and said, “Return to Balak, and this is what you shall speak.”
17So he came to him, and behold, he was standing beside his burnt offering, and the leaders of Moab with him. And Balak said to him, “What has the Lord spoken?”
18Then he took up his discourse and said, “Arise, Balak, and hear; Listen to me, son of Zippor!
19God is not a man, that He would lie, Nor a son of man, that He would change His mind; Has He said, and will He not do it? Or has He spoken, and will He not make it good?
20Behold, I have received a command to bless; When He has blessed, I cannot revoke it.
21He has not looked at misfortune in Jacob; Nor has He seen trouble in Israel; The Lord his God is with him, And the joyful shout of a king is among them.
22God brings them out of Egypt, He is for them like the horns of the wild ox.
23For there is no magic curse against Jacob, Nor is there any divination against Israel; At the proper time it shall be said to Jacob And to Israel, what God has done!
24Behold, a people rises like a lioness, And like a lion it raises itself; It will not lie down until it devours the prey, And drinks the blood of those slain.”
25Then Balak said to Balaam, “Do not curse them at all nor bless them at all!”
26But Balaam replied to Balak, “Did I not tell you, ‘Whatever the Lord speaks, I must do’?”
27Then Balak said to Balaam, “Please come, I will take you to another place; perhaps it will be agreeable with God that you curse them for me from there.”
28So Balak took Balaam to the top of Peor, which overlooks the desert.
29And Balaam said to Balak, “Build seven altars for me here and prepare seven bulls and seven rams for me here.”
30Balak did just as Balaam had said, and offered up a bull and a ram on each altar.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Numbers 23.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Balak's sacrifice, Balaam pronounces a blessing instead of a curse. (1–10). Balak's disappointment, and second sacrifice, Balaam again blesses Israel. (11–30).
vv1-10
With the camps of Israel full in view, Balaam ordered seven altars to be built, and a bullock and a ram to be offered on each. Oh the sottishness of superstition, to imagine that God will be at man's beck! The curse is turned into a blessing, by the overruling power of God, in love to Israel. God designed to serve his own glory by Balaam, and therefore met him. If God put a word into the mouth of Balaam, who would have defied God and Israel, surely he will not be wanting to those who desire to glorify God, and to edify his people; it shall be given what they should speak. He who opened the mouth of the ass, caused the mouth of this wicked man to speak words as contrary to the desire of his heart, as those of the ass were to the powers of the brute. The miracle was as great in the one case as in the other. Balaam pronounces Israel safe. He owns he could do no more than God suffered him to do. He pronounces them happy in their distinction from the rest of the nations. Happy in their numbers, which made them both honourable and formidable. Happy in their last end. Death is the end of all men; even the righteous must die, and it is good for us to think of this with regard to ourselves, as Balaam does here, speaking of his own death. He pronounces the righteous truly blessed, not only while they live, but when they die; which makes their death even more desirable than life itself. But there are many who desire to die the death of the righteous, but do not endeavour to live the life of the righteous; gladly would they have an end like theirs, but not a way like theirs. They would be saints in heaven, but not saints on earth. This saying of Balaam's is only a wish, not a prayer; it is a vain wish, being only a wish for the end, without any care for the means. Many seek to quiet their consciences with the promise of future amendment, or take up with some false hope, while they neglect the only way of salvation, by which a sinner can be righteous before God.
vv11-30
Balak was angry with Balaam. Thus a confession of God's overruling power is extorted from a wicked prophet, to the confusion of a wicked prince. A second time the curse is turned into a blessing; and this blessing is both larger and stronger than the former. Men change their minds, and break their words; but God never changes his mind, and therefore never recalls his promise. And when in Scripture he is said to repent, it does not mean any change of his mind; but only a change of his way. There was sin in Jacob, and God saw it; but there was not such as might provoke him to give them up to ruin. If the Lord sees that we trust in his mercy, and accept of his salvation; that we indulge no secret lust, and continue not in rebellion, but endeavour to serve and glorify him; we may be sure that he looks upon us as accepted in Christ, that our sins are all pardoned. Oh the wonders of providence and grace, the wonders of redeeming love, of pardoning mercy, of the new-creating Spirit! Balak had no hope of ruining Israel, and Balaam showed that he had more reason to fear being ruined by them. Since Balaam cannot say what he would have him, Balak wished him to say nothing. But though there are many devices in man's heart, God's counsels shall stand. Yet they resolve to make another attempt, though they had no promise on which to build their hopes. Let us, who have a promise that the vision at the end shall speak and not lie, continue earnest in prayer, Lu 18:1.
Key Words
בִּלְעָם: Bilam, a Mesopotamian prophet; also a place in Palestine
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בָּלָק: Balak, a Moabitish king
בָּנָה: to build (literally and figuratively)
זֶה: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
שֶׁבַע: seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
מִזְבֵּחַ: an altar
כּוּן: properly, to be erect (i.e. stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix, prepare, apply), or figurative (appoint, render sure, proper or prosperous)
פַּר: a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)
אַיִל: properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically a chief (politically); also a ram (from his strength); a pilaster (as a strong support); an oak or other strong tree
Cross References
Numbers 23Explicit parallel on God's unchangeable character: God is not a man that He should lie or repent.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Moses' blessing echoes Balaam's oracle: Israel shall dwell in safety alone as a peculiar people.
Supported by JFB
Balaam's phrase 'dust of Jacob' refers to the fulfillment of God's populous promise to Abraham.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Balaam's poetic numbering of Israel directly echoes the dust-of-the-earth promise given to Jacob.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal echo of Jacob's blessing comparing Israel's conquering strength to a lion and young lion.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallel offering of seven bullocks and seven rams as a complete, solemn sacrifice.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Historical confirmation that Balak hired Balaam from Mesopotamia (Aram-naharaim) to curse Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains the biblical imagery and formidable strength associated with the wild ox or unicorn.
Supported by JFB
Balaam repeats this exact lion prophecy in his subsequent oracle to Balak.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Scripture explicitly notes God refused to listen to Balaam, turning his curse into a blessing.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reflects the divine separation of Israel from other nations in religion, laws, and protection.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Reiterates Balaam's constraint that he can only speak the word that God puts in his mouth.
Supported by John Calvin
Direct repetition of the phrase 'God brought them out of Egypt... strength of a unicorn.'
Supported by Matthew Henry
Micah calls Israel to remember what Balak consulted and what Balaam answered him.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms the East was notoriously infamous for magicians, sorcerers, and soothsayers.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB