Jeremiah36
New King James Version
1Now it came to pass in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, that this word came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying:
2“Take a scroll of a book and write on it all the words that I have spoken to you against Israel, against Judah, and against all the nations, from the day I spoke to you, from the days of Josiah even to this day.
3It may be that the house of Judah will hear all the adversities which I purpose to bring upon them, that everyone may turn from his evil way, that I may forgive their iniquity and their sin.”
4Then Jeremiah called Baruch the son of Neriah; and Baruch wrote on a scroll of a book, at the instruction of Jeremiah, all the words of the Lord which He had spoken to him.
5And Jeremiah commanded Baruch, saying, “I am confined, I cannot go into the house of the Lord.
6You go, therefore, and read from the scroll which you have written at my instruction, the words of the Lord, in the hearing of the people in the Lord’s house on the day of fasting. And you shall also read them in the hearing of all Judah who come from their cities.
7It may be that they will present their supplication before the Lord, and everyone will turn from his evil way. For great is the anger and the fury that the Lord has pronounced against this people.”
8And Baruch the son of Neriah did according to all that Jeremiah the prophet commanded him, reading from the book the words of the Lord in the Lord’s house.
9Now it came to pass in the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, in the ninth month, that they proclaimed a fast before the Lord to all the people in Jerusalem, and to all the people who came from the cities of Judah to Jerusalem.
10Then Baruch read from the book the words of Jeremiah in the house of the Lord, in the chamber of Gemariah the son of Shaphan the scribe, in the upper court at the entry of the New Gate of the Lord’s house, in the hearing of all the people.
11When Michaiah the son of Gemariah, the son of Shaphan, heard all the words of the Lord from the book,
12he then went down to the king’s house, into the scribe’s chamber; and there all the princes were sitting—Elishama the scribe, Delaiah the son of Shemaiah, Elnathan the son of Achbor, Gemariah the son of Shaphan, Zedekiah the son of Hananiah, and all the princes.
13Then Michaiah declared to them all the words that he had heard when Baruch read the book in the hearing of the people.
14Therefore all the princes sent Jehudi the son of Nethaniah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of Cushi, to Baruch, saying, “Take in your hand the scroll from which you have read in the hearing of the people, and come.” So Baruch the son of Neriah took the scroll in his hand and came to them.
15And they said to him, “Sit down now, and read it in our hearing.” So Baruch read it in their hearing.
16Now it happened, when they had heard all the words, that they looked in fear from one to another, and said to Baruch, “We will surely tell the king of all these words.”
17And they asked Baruch, saying, “Tell us now, how did you write all these words—at his instruction?”
18So Baruch answered them, “He proclaimed with his mouth all these words to me, and I wrote them with ink in the book.”
19Then the princes said to Baruch, “Go and hide, you and Jeremiah; and let no one know where you are.”
20And they went to the king, into the court; but they stored the scroll in the chamber of Elishama the scribe, and told all the words in the hearing of the king.
21So the king sent Jehudi to bring the scroll, and he took it from Elishama the scribe’s chamber. And Jehudi read it in the hearing of the king and in the hearing of all the princes who stood beside the king.
22Now the king was sitting in the winter house in the ninth month, with a fire burning on the hearth before him.
23And it happened, when Jehudi had read three or four columns, that the king cut it with the scribe’s knife and cast it into the fire that was on the hearth, until all the scroll was consumed in the fire that was on the hearth.
24Yet they were not afraid, nor did they tear their garments, the king nor any of his servants who heard all these words.
25Nevertheless Elnathan, Delaiah, and Gemariah implored the king not to burn the scroll; but he would not listen to them.
26And the king commanded Jerahmeel the king’s son, Seraiah the son of Azriel, and Shelemiah the son of Abdeel, to seize Baruch the scribe and Jeremiah the prophet, but the Lord hid them.
27Now after the king had burned the scroll with the words which Baruch had written at the instruction of Jeremiah, the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah, saying:
28“Take yet another scroll, and write on it all the former words that were in the first scroll which Jehoiakim the king of Judah has burned.
29And you shall say to Jehoiakim king of Judah, ‘Thus says the Lord: “You have burned this scroll, saying, ‘Why have you written in it that the king of Babylon will certainly come and destroy this land, and cause man and beast to cease from here?’ ”
30Therefore thus says the Lord concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah: “He shall have no one to sit on the throne of David, and his dead body shall be cast out to the heat of the day and the frost of the night.
31I will punish him, his family, and his servants for their iniquity; and I will bring on them, on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and on the men of Judah all the doom that I have pronounced against them; but they did not heed.” ’ ”
32Then Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to Baruch the scribe, the son of Neriah, who wrote on it at the instruction of Jeremiah all the words of the book which Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire. And besides, there were added to them many similar words.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 36.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Baruch is to write the prophecies of Jeremiah. (1-8). The princes advise them to hide themselves. (9-19). The king having heard a part, burns the roll. (20-32).
vv1-8
The writing of the Scriptures was by Divine appointment. The Divine wisdom directed to this as a proper means; if it failed, the house of Judah would be the more without excuse. The Lord declares to sinners the evil he purposes to do against them, that they may hear, and fear, and return from their evil ways; and whenever any one makes this use of God's warnings, in dependence on his promised mercy, he will find the Lord ready to forgive his sins. All others will be left without excuse; and the consideration that great is the anger God has pronounced against us for sin, should quicken both our prayers and our endeavours.
vv9-19
Shows of piety and devotion may be found even among those, who, though they keep up forms of godliness, are strangers and enemies to the power of it. The princes patiently attended the reading of the whole book. They were in great fear. But even those who are convinced to the truth and importance of what they hear, and are disposed to favour those who preach it, often have difficulties and reserves about their safety, interest, or preferment, so that they do not act according to their convictions, and try to get rid of what they find troublesome.
vv20-32
Those who despise the word of God, will soon show, as this king did, that they hate it; and, like him, they would wish it destroyed. See what enmity there is against God in the carnal mind, and wonder at his patience. The princes showed some concern, till they saw how light the king made of it. Beware of making light of God's word!
Key Words
רְבִיעִי: fourth; also (fractionally) a fourth
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
יְהוֹיָקִים: Jehojakim, a Jewish king
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יֹאשִׁיָּה: Joshijah, the name of two Israelites
מֶלֶךְ: a king
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
זֶה: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
Cross References
Jeremiah 36Direct parallel in the chapter highlighting God's purpose in warning of judgment: repentance and forgiveness.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Contrasts Jehoiakim's successful execution of Urijah with his failed attempt to arrest Jeremiah and Baruch.
Supported by JFB
Aligns the fourth year of Jehoiakim with the rise of Babylonian dominance under Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jeremiah's direct word of comfort to his scribe Baruch during this exact writing event.
Supported by JFB
Calvin and JFB trace the Hebrew term for 'roll of a book' to this ancient poetic description.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Establishes the historical timeline of Jeremiah's ministry starting from the thirteenth year of Josiah.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The direct fulfillment of the prophecy that Jehoiakim would be cast out without an honorable burial.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the national fast called here with the regular prescribed annual Day of Atonement fast.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Demonstrates the real danger to Jeremiah and Baruch, prompting the princes' advice to hide.
Supported by John Calvin
Contrasts Jehoiakim's defiant refusal to rend his clothes with his father Josiah's humble repentance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Illustrates the theological reality behind the statement that 'the Lord hid them'.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies the location of the 'new gate' where Baruch read the scroll to the people.
Supported by JFB
Illuminates Jehoiakim's focus on luxurious, cedar-lined winter houses while ignoring covenant justice.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the language of national fasting and returning from evil ways to avert judgment.
Supported by JFB
Poetically frames the futility of the king's attempt to destroy God's word with a penknife.
Supported by Matthew Henry