Joshua4
World English Bible · Public Domain
1 When all the nation had completely crossed over the Jordan, Yahweh spoke to Joshua, saying,
2 “Take twelve men out of the people, a man out of every tribe,
3 and command them, saying, ‘Take from out of the middle of the Jordan, out of the place where the priests’ feet stood firm, twelve stones, carry them over with you, and lay them down in the place where you’ll camp tonight.’”
4 Then Joshua called the twelve men whom he had prepared of the children of Israel, a man out of every tribe.
5 Joshua said to them, “Cross before the ark of Yahweh your God into the middle of the Jordan, and each of you pick up a stone and put it on your shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel;
6 that this may be a sign among you, that when your children ask in the future, saying, ‘What do you mean by these stones?’
7 then you shall tell them, ‘Because the waters of the Jordan were cut off before the ark of Yahweh’s covenant. When it crossed over the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off. These stones shall be for a memorial to the children of Israel forever.’”
8 The children of Israel did as Joshua commanded, and took up twelve stones out of the middle of the Jordan, as Yahweh spoke to Joshua, according to the number of the tribes of the children of Israel. They carried them over with them to the place where they camped, and laid them down there.
9 Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests who bore the ark of the covenant stood; and they are there to this day.
10 For the priests who bore the ark stood in the middle of the Jordan until everything was finished that Yahweh commanded Joshua to speak to the people, according to all that Moses commanded Joshua; and the people hurried and passed over.
11 When all the people had completely crossed over, Yahweh’s ark crossed over with the priests in the presence of the people.
12 The children of Reuben, and the children of Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh crossed over armed before the children of Israel, as Moses spoke to them.
13 About forty thousand men, ready and armed for war, passed over before Yahweh to battle, to the plains of Jericho.
14 On that day, Yahweh magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they feared him, as they feared Moses, all the days of his life.
15 Yahweh spoke to Joshua, saying,
16 “Command the priests who bear the ark of the covenant, that they come up out of the Jordan.”
17 Joshua therefore commanded the priests, saying, “Come up out of the Jordan!”
18 When the priests who bore the ark of Yahweh’s covenant had come up out of the middle of the Jordan, and the soles of the priests’ feet had been lifted up to the dry ground, the waters of the Jordan returned to their place, and went over all its banks, as before.
19 The people came up out of the Jordan on the tenth day of the first month, and encamped in Gilgal, on the east border of Jericho.
20 Joshua set up those twelve stones, which they took out of the Jordan, in Gilgal.
21 He spoke to the children of Israel, saying, “When your children ask their fathers in time to come, saying, ‘What do these stones mean?’
22 Then you shall let your children know, saying, ‘Israel came over this Jordan on dry land.
23 For Yahweh your God dried up the waters of the Jordan from before you until you had crossed over, as Yahweh your God did to the Red Sea, which he dried up from before us, until we had crossed over,
24 that all the peoples of the earth may know that Yahweh’s hand is mighty, and that you may fear Yahweh your God forever.’”
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Joshua 4Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 4. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Stones taken out of Jordan. (1–9). The people pass through Jordan. (10–19). The twelve stones placed in Gilgal. (20–24).
vv1-9
The works of the Lord are so worthy of rememberance, and the heart of man is so prone to forget them, that various methods are needful to refresh our memories, for the glory of God, our advantage, and that of our children. God gave orders for preparing this memorial.
vv10-19
The priests with the ark did not stir till ordered to move. Let none be weary of waiting, while they have the tokens of God's presence with them, even the ark of the covenant, though it be in the depths of adversity. Notice is taken of the honour put upon Joshua. Those are feared in the best manner, and to the best purpose, who make it appear that God is with them, and that they set him before them.
vv20-24
It is the duty of parents to tell their children betimes of the words and works of God, that they may be trained up in the way they should go. In all the instruction parents give their children, they should teach them to fear God. Serious godliness is the best learning. Are we not called, as much as the Israelites, to praise the loving-kindness of our God? Shall we not raise a pillar to our God, who has brought us through dangers and distresses in so wonderful a way? For hitherto the Lord hath helped us, as much as he did his saints of old. How great the stupidity and ingratitude of men, who perceive not His hand, and will not acknowledge his goodness, in their frequent deliverances!
Key Words
כָּאָה: to despond; causatively, to deject
חָנָן: Chanan, the name of seven Israelites
גּוֹי: a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
תָּמַם: to complete, in a good or a bad sense, literal, or figurative, transitive or intransitive
עָבַר: to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation)
יַרְדֵּן: Jarden, the principal river of Palestine
יְהוֹשׁוּעַ: Jehoshua (i.e. Joshua), the Jewish leader
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
אֱנוֹשׁ: a man in general (singly or collectively)
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
Cross References
Joshua 4Fulfillment of Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh's pledge to cross over armed before Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfillment of God's promise to magnify Joshua in the sight of all Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct historical parallel drawn by the text between drying up Jordan and the Red Sea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Refers back to the initial selection of the twelve representatives from the tribes.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallels the Passover instruction for parents to explain historical redemptive signs to children.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Contrasts the returning floodwaters with the overflowing banks described during the crossing.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Elijah builds an altar with twelve stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Supports Joshua's execution of instructions as Moses' divinely ordained successor.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the sudden return of the waters upon the completion of the crossing.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the duty of instructing children when they ask about the meaning of testimonies.
Supported by John Calvin
Just as Israel feared Moses after the Red Sea, they feared Joshua after Jordan.
Identifies the significance of Gilgal, where the memorial stones were pitched.
Parallels the setting up of a stone monument (Ebenezer) to remember God's help.
Moses' command to set up great stones on the day they pass over Jordan.