Joshua4
New International Version
1When the whole nation had finished crossing the Jordan, the Lord said to Joshua,
2“Choose twelve men from among the people, one from each tribe,
3and tell them to take up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan, from right where the priests are standing, and carry them over with you and put them down at the place where you stay tonight.”
4So Joshua called together the twelve men he had appointed from the Israelites, one from each tribe,
5and said to them, “Go over before the ark of the Lord your God into the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to take up a stone on his shoulder, according to the number of the tribes of the Israelites,
6to serve as a sign among you. In the future, when your children ask you, ‘What do these stones mean?’
7tell them that the flow of the Jordan was cut off before the ark of the covenant of the Lord. When it crossed the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off. These stones are to be a memorial to the people of Israel forever.”
8So the Israelites did as Joshua commanded them. They took twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan, according to the number of the tribes of the Israelites, as the Lord had told Joshua; and they carried them over with them to their camp, where they put them down.
9Joshua set up the twelve stones that had been in the middle of the Jordan at the spot where the priests who carried the ark of the covenant had stood. And they are there to this day.
10Now the priests who carried the ark remained standing in the middle of the Jordan until everything the Lord had commanded Joshua was done by the people, just as Moses had directed Joshua. The people hurried over,
11and as soon as all of them had crossed, the ark of the Lord and the priests came to the other side while the people watched.
12The men of Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh crossed over, ready for battle, in front of the Israelites, as Moses had directed them.
13About forty thousand armed for battle crossed over before the Lord to the plains of Jericho for war.
14That day the Lord exalted Joshua in the sight of all Israel; and they stood in awe of him all the days of his life, just as they had stood in awe of Moses.
15Then the Lord said to Joshua,
16“Command the priests carrying the ark of the covenant law to come up out of the Jordan.”
17So Joshua commanded the priests, “Come up out of the Jordan.”
18And the priests came up out of the river carrying the ark of the covenant of the Lord. No sooner had they set their feet on the dry ground than the waters of the Jordan returned to their place and ran at flood stage as before.
19On the tenth day of the first month the people went up from the Jordan and camped at Gilgal on the eastern border of Jericho.
20And Joshua set up at Gilgal the twelve stones they had taken out of the Jordan.
21He said to the Israelites, “In the future when your descendants ask their parents, ‘What do these stones mean?’
22tell them, ‘Israel crossed the Jordan on dry ground.’
23For the Lord your God dried up the Jordan before you until you had crossed over. The Lord your God did to the Jordan what he had done to the Red Sea when he dried it up before us until we had crossed over.
24He did this so that all the peoples of the earth might know that the hand of the Lord is powerful and so that you might always fear the Lord your God.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Joshua 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Stones taken out of Jordan. (1–9). The people pass through Jordan. (10–19). The twelve stones placed in Gilgal. (20–24).
vv1-9
The works of the Lord are so worthy of rememberance, and the heart of man is so prone to forget them, that various methods are needful to refresh our memories, for the glory of God, our advantage, and that of our children. God gave orders for preparing this memorial.
vv10-19
The priests with the ark did not stir till ordered to move. Let none be weary of waiting, while they have the tokens of God's presence with them, even the ark of the covenant, though it be in the depths of adversity. Notice is taken of the honour put upon Joshua. Those are feared in the best manner, and to the best purpose, who make it appear that God is with them, and that they set him before them.
vv20-24
It is the duty of parents to tell their children betimes of the words and works of God, that they may be trained up in the way they should go. In all the instruction parents give their children, they should teach them to fear God. Serious godliness is the best learning. Are we not called, as much as the Israelites, to praise the loving-kindness of our God? Shall we not raise a pillar to our God, who has brought us through dangers and distresses in so wonderful a way? For hitherto the Lord hath helped us, as much as he did his saints of old. How great the stupidity and ingratitude of men, who perceive not His hand, and will not acknowledge his goodness, in their frequent deliverances!
Key Words
כָּאָה: to despond; causatively, to deject
חָנָן: Chanan, the name of seven Israelites
גּוֹי: a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
תָּמַם: to complete, in a good or a bad sense, literal, or figurative, transitive or intransitive
עָבַר: to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation)
יַרְדֵּן: Jarden, the principal river of Palestine
יְהוֹשׁוּעַ: Jehoshua (i.e. Joshua), the Jewish leader
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
אֱנוֹשׁ: a man in general (singly or collectively)
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
Cross References
Joshua 4Fulfillment of Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh's pledge to cross over armed before Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfillment of God's promise to magnify Joshua in the sight of all Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct historical parallel drawn by the text between drying up Jordan and the Red Sea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Refers back to the initial selection of the twelve representatives from the tribes.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallels the Passover instruction for parents to explain historical redemptive signs to children.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Contrasts the returning floodwaters with the overflowing banks described during the crossing.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Elijah builds an altar with twelve stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Supports Joshua's execution of instructions as Moses' divinely ordained successor.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the sudden return of the waters upon the completion of the crossing.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the duty of instructing children when they ask about the meaning of testimonies.
Supported by John Calvin
Just as Israel feared Moses after the Red Sea, they feared Joshua after Jordan.
Identifies the significance of Gilgal, where the memorial stones were pitched.
Parallels the setting up of a stone monument (Ebenezer) to remember God's help.
Moses' command to set up great stones on the day they pass over Jordan.